In recent years, automated vehicles have been developing rapidly, and some automated vehicles have begun to drive on highways. The market share of automated vehicles is expected to increase and will greatly affect traffic flow characteristics. This paper focuses on the mixed traffic flow of manual and automated vehicles. The study improves the existing cellular automaton model to capture the differences between manual vehicles and automated vehicles. Computer simulations are employed to analyze the characteristic variations in the mixed traffic flow under different automated vehicle proportions, lane change probabilities, and reaction times. Several new conclusions are drawn in the paper. First, with the increment of the proportion of automated vehicles, freeway capacity increases; the capacity increment is more significant for single-lane traffic than for two-lane traffic. Second, for single-lane traffic flow, reducing the reaction time of the automated vehicle can significantly improve road traffic capacity—as much as doubling it—and reaction time reduction has no obvious effect on the capacity of the two-lane traffic. Third, with the proportion increment of automated vehicles, lane change frequency reduces significantly. Fourth, when the density is 15 < ρ < 55 vehicles/km, the addition of 20% automated vehicles to a traffic flow that consisted of only manual vehicles can decrease congestion by up to 16.7%.

中文翻译：

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手动和自动车辆混合交通流的基于元胞自动机的建模和仿真

近年来，自动驾驶汽车发展迅速，部分自动驾驶汽车开始在高速公路上行驶。预计自动驾驶汽车的市场份额将增加，并将极大地影响交通流特性。本文重点研究手动和自动车辆的混合交通流。该研究改进了现有的元胞自动机模型，以捕捉手动车辆和自动车辆之间的差异。计算机模拟被用来分析混合交通流在不同自动车辆比例、变道概率和反应时间下的特征变化。论文得出了几个新的结论。一是随着自动驾驶汽车比例的增加，高速公路通行能力增加；单车道交通的容量增量比双车道交通更显着。其次，对于单车道的交通流，减少自动驾驶汽车的反应时间可以显着提高道路通行能力——甚至可以提高一倍——而反应时间的减少对双车道交通的通行能力没有明显的影响。第三，随着自动驾驶汽车比例的增加，变道频率显着降低。第四，当密度为 15 < ρ < 55 辆/公里时，在仅由手动车辆组成的交通流中增加 20% 的自动驾驶车辆可以减少高达 16.7% 的拥堵。减少自动驾驶汽车的反应时间可以显着提高道路通行能力——最多可提高一倍——而反应时间减少对双车道通行能力没有明显影响。第三，随着自动驾驶汽车比例的增加，变道频率显着降低。第四，当密度为 15 < ρ < 55 辆/公里时，在仅由手动车辆组成的交通流中增加 20% 的自动驾驶车辆可以减少高达 16.7% 的拥堵。减少自动驾驶汽车的反应时间可以显着提高道路通行能力——最多可提高一倍——而反应时间减少对双车道通行能力没有明显影响。第三，随着自动驾驶汽车比例的增加，变道频率显着降低。第四，当密度为 15 < ρ < 55 辆/公里时，在仅由手动车辆组成的交通流中增加 20% 的自动驾驶车辆可以减少高达 16.7% 的拥堵。