Background Incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has increased in the U.S. Persons living with HIV (PLWH) have an elevated risk of anal SCC, and changes in the number of anal SCCs among PLWH may have influenced general population trends. Methods Data were obtained from a linkage of HIV and cancer registries in 12 U.S. regions. The proportion of anal SCCs occurring among PLWH was estimated by sex, age group and race and ethnicity. To assess the impact of anal SCCs among PLWH on general population trends, annual percentage changes (APCs) in incidence rates including and excluding anal SCCs among PLWH were estimated. Results Between 2001-2015, 14.5% of 16,110 anal SCC diagnoses occurred in PLWH. In 2013-2015, 33% of anal SCCs among men occurred in PLWH, but only 3% among women. The proportion of anal SCCs among PLWH was highest among 20-49-year-olds and Black and Hispanic individuals. General population anal SCC trends among men were strongly influenced by cases among PLWH: rates increased 4.6%/year [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4%, 8.0%] from 2001-2009 followed by a non-significant decline (APC: -2.7%/year [95%CI: -7.1, 2.0%]) from 2009-2015, but without anal SCCs among PLWH, rates were stable (APC: 0.7%, [95%CI: -0.8%-2.3%]). Anal SCC rates among women increased 3.8%/year (95%CI 3.2%-4.4%) during 2001-2012 and then declined non-significantly (APC=-3.8; 95%CI -6.9, -0.6), and anal SCCs among PLWH had little impact on these trends. Conclusion During 2001-2015, anal SCCs among PLWH contributed strongly to changes in incidence trends in the general U.S. population among men, but not women.

中文翻译：

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2001-2015 年 HIV 对美国肛门鳞状细胞癌发病率的影响

背景 在美国，肛门鳞状细胞癌 (SCC) 的发病率有所增加 艾滋病病毒感染者 (PLWH) 患肛门鳞状细胞癌的风险增加，而感染者中肛门鳞状细胞癌数量的变化可能会影响总体人口趋势。方法 数据来自美国 12 个地区的 HIV 和癌症登记处的关联。PLWH 中发生肛门 SCC 的比例是按性别、年龄组和种族和民族估计的。为了评估 PLWH 中肛门 SCC 对一般人群趋势的影响，估计了 PLWH 中包括和不包括肛门 SCC 在内的发病率的年度百分比变化 (APC)。结果 2001-2015 年间，16,110 例肛门 SCC 诊断中有 14.5% 发生在 PLWH。2013-2015 年，男性中 33% 的肛门 SCC 发生在 PLWH 中，而女性中只有 3%。PLWH 中肛门 SCC 的比例在 20-49 岁以及黑人和西班牙裔人群中最高。男性的一般人群肛门 SCC 趋势受到 PLWH 病例的强烈影响：从 2001 年到 2009 年，发病率每年增加 4.6% [95% 置信区间 (CI): 1.4%, 8.0%]，随后出现不显着下降 (APC: -2.7%/年 [95%CI: -7.1, 2.0%]) 从 2009 年到 2015 年，但在 PLWH 中没有肛门 SCC，比率保持稳定（APC: 0.7%, [95%CI: -0.8%-2.3%] ）。2001-2012 年间，女性肛门 SCC 的发病率每年增加 3.8%（95%CI 3.2%-4.4%），然后下降不显着（APC=-3.8；95%CI -6.9，-0.6），其中肛门 SCC PLWH 对这些趋势几乎没有影响。结论 2001-2015 年期间，PLWH 中的肛门 SCC 对美国一般男性人群发病趋势的变化做出了重大贡献，但对女性无影响。