The development of anti-racist ideology in adolescence and emerging adulthood is informed by parent socialization, parenting style, and cross-race friendships. This study used longitudinal, multi-reporter survey data from White youth and their parents in Maryland to examine links between parents' racial attitudes when youth were in eleventh grade in 1996 (N = 453; 52% female; M_age = 17.12) and the youths' anti-racist ideology (acknowledgment of anti-Black discrimination and support for affirmative action) 1 year after high school in 1998. This study also examined whether these associations varied based on authoritative parenting and the number of cross-race friendships. Positive parent racial attitudes toward racially and ethnically minoritized populations predicted higher anti-racist ideology in the independent contexts of more cross-race friendships and low authoritative parenting.

中文翻译：

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白人青年的父母社会化和反种族主义意识形态发展：同伴和养育环境重要吗？

青春期和成年初期反种族主义意识形态的发展受到父母社会化、养育方式和跨种族友谊的影响。这项研究使用了马里兰州白人青少年及其父母的纵向、多记者调查数据，研究了 1996 年青少年上十一年级时父母的种族态度（N = 453；52% 为女性；M年龄 = 17.12 _） 和1998 年，高中毕业一年后，青少年的反种族主义意识形态（承认反黑人歧视并支持平权行动）。这项研究还考察了这些关联是否因权威养育和跨种族友谊的数量而变化。在更多的跨种族友谊和低权威的养育方式的独立背景下，父母对种族和族裔少数群体的积极种族态度预示着更高的反种族主义意识形态。