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Protozoal food vacuoles enhance transformation in Vibrio cholerae through SOS-regulated DNA integration
The ISME Journal ( IF 11.0 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-16 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-022-01249-0
Md Hafizur Rahman 1 , Khandaker Rayhan Mahbub 1, 2 , Gustavo Espinoza-Vergara 3 , Angus Ritchie 1 , M Mozammel Hoque 3 , Parisa Noorian 3 , Louise Cole 3 , Diane McDougald 3 , Maurizio Labbate 1
Affiliation  

Vibrio cholerae, the bacterial pathogen responsible for the diarrheal disease cholera, resides in the aquatic environment between outbreaks. For bacteria, genetic variation by lateral gene transfer (LGT) is important for survival and adaptation. In the aquatic environment, V. cholerae is predominantly found in biofilms associated with chitinous organisms or with chitin “rain”. Chitin induces competency in V. cholerae, which can lead to LGT. In the environment, V. cholerae is also subjected to predation pressure by protist. Here we investigated whether protozoal predation affected LGT using the integron as a model. Integrons facilitate the integration of mobile DNA (gene cassettes) into the bacterial chromosome. We report that protozoal predation enhances transformation of a gene cassette by as much as 405-fold. We show that oxidative radicals produced in the protozoal phagosome induces the universal SOS response, which in turn upregulates the integron-integrase, the recombinase that facilitates cassette integration. Additionally, we show that during predation, V. cholerae requires the type VI secretion system to acquire the gene cassette from Escherichia coli. These results show that protozoal predation enhances LGT thus producing genetic variants that may have increased capacity to survive grazing. Additionally, the conditions in the food vacuole may make it a “hot spot” for LGT by accumulating diverse bacteria and inducing the SOS response helping drive genetic diversification and evolution.



中文翻译:

原生动物食物液泡通过 SOS 调节的 DNA 整合增强霍乱弧菌的转化

霍乱弧菌是导致腹泻病霍乱的细菌性病原体,在爆发期间存在于水生环境中。对于细菌,通过横向基因转移 (LGT) 产生的遗传变异对于生存和适应很重要。在水生环境中,霍乱弧菌主要存在于与几丁质生物或几丁质“雨”相关的生物膜中。几丁质诱导霍乱弧菌的能力,从而导致 LGT。在环境中,霍乱弧菌也受到原生生物的捕食压力。在这里,我们使用整合子作为模型调查了原生动物捕食是否影响 LGT。整合子促进移动 DNA(基因盒)整合到细菌染色体中。我们报告说,原生动物捕食可将基因盒的转化提高多达 405 倍。我们表明,原生动物吞噬体中产生的氧化自由基会诱导普遍的 SOS 反应,进而上调整合子整合酶,这是一种促进盒式整合的重组酶。此外,我们表明在捕食期间,霍乱弧菌需要 VI 型分泌系统从大肠杆菌中获取基因盒. 这些结果表明,原生动物捕食增强了 LGT,从而产生了可能具有增强的放牧生存能力的遗传变异。此外,食物液泡中的条件可能通过积累不同的细菌并诱导 SOS 反应帮助推动基因多样化和进化,从而使其成为 LGT 的“热点”。

更新日期:2022-05-17
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