In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs), specifically exosomes, have emerged as a promising strategy for treating a wide spectrum of pathologies, such as cancer and COVID-19, as well as promoting tissue regeneration in various conditions, including cardiomyopathies and spinal cord injuries. Despite the great potential of EV-based therapies, poor yield and unscalable production of EVs remain big challenges to overcome to translate these types of treatment to clinical practices. Here, we review different strategies for enhancing EV yield by physical, biological or chemical means. Some of these novel approaches can lead to about 100-fold increase in EV production yield, thus bringing closer the clinical translation with regard to scalability and efficiency.

近年来，细胞外囊泡 (EV)，特别是外泌体，已成为治疗癌症和 COVID-19 等多种疾病以及促进心肌病和脊髓病等各种疾病组织再生的有前景的策略受伤。尽管基于 EV 的疗法具有巨大潜力，但 EV 的低产量和不可扩展的生产仍然是将这些类型的治疗转化为临床实践需要克服的巨大挑战。在这里，我们回顾了通过物理、生物或化学手段提高 EV 产量的不同策略。其中一些新方法可以使 EV 产量提高约 100 倍，从而在可扩展性和效率方面更接近临床转化。