Summer mountain pastures (also called alpages) are a central element for many agro-pastoral livestock systems in the alpine region, by providing the feedstock for herds during the summer transhumance. However, vegetation phenology and productivity in mountain pastures are increasingly affected by climate hazards exacerbated by climate change, such as early snow removal, late frost events, or droughts. Difficulties can then arise to match animal demand with forage resource on alpages and, in the long term, threaten the sustainable management of these highly multifunctional socio-ecological systems. To help agro-pastoral actors adapt, an essential step is to quantify the risk of impacts on the forage resource, due to an increased occurrence or intensity of climate hazards.

Exposure to climate hazards on alpages is defined locally by topographic aspects in combination with the broader influence of the regional climate. Our work therefore aimed at providing a tailored assessment of potential climate risk for the forage resource at the individual scale of each alpage in the French Alps. To this end, we developed agro-climatic indicators based on atmospheric and snow cover data accounting for geographic and topographic conditions, and applied them to a database providing unique spatially explicit information at the alpage level.

For the first time, we introduce a description of agro-climatic conditions and provide a classification of agro-climatic profiles of alpages in the French Alps, ranging from low to high potential risk for the forage resource, mainly following a North-South gradient combined with altitude. We also bring insights on the evolutions of the climate risk with climate change and discuss management implications for agro-pastoral livestock systems using alpages. We finally present a web-based visualization tool that aim at communicating agro-climatic profiles and their evolution to practitioners and at assisting decision makers in understanding climate-related risks on the alpages of the French Alps.

夏季山地牧场（也称为alpages）是高山地区许多农牧业系统的核心要素，在夏季转牧期间为畜群提供原料。然而，山地牧场的植被物候和生产力越来越受到气候变化加剧的气候危害的影响，例如早期除雪、晚期霜冻事件或干旱。然后可能会出现难以将动物需求与草料资源相匹配的问题，从长远来看，这会威胁到这些高度多功能的社会生态系统的可持续管理。为了帮助农牧业参与者适应，一个重要的步骤是量化由于气候灾害的发生或强度增加而对牧草资源造成影响的风险。

海拔高度上的气候灾害暴露是由地形方面结合区域气候的更广泛影响来定义的。因此，我们的工作旨在为法国阿尔卑斯山每个高海拔地区的草料资源的潜在气候风险提供量身定制的评估。为此，我们根据地理和地形条件的大气和积雪数据开发了农业气候指标，并将它们应用到一个数据库中，该数据库在高度级别提供独特的空间显式信息。

我们首次介绍了对农业气候条件的描述，并提供了法国阿尔卑斯山阿尔卑斯山农业气候剖面的分类，主要遵循南北梯度结合的牧草资源潜在风险从低到高与高度。我们还提供了有关气候变化与气候风险演变的见解，并讨论了使用alpages对农牧业畜牧系统的管理影响。我们最后提出了一个基于网络的可视化工具，旨在向从业者传达农业气候概况及其演变，并帮助决策者了解法国阿尔卑斯山上与气候相关的风险。