An intrinsic cellular circadian clock is located in nearly every cell of the body. The peripheral circadian clocks within the cells of the kidney contribute to the regulation of a variety of renal processes. In this review, we summarize what is currently known regarding the function, mechanism, and regulation of kidney clocks. Additionally, the effect of extra-renal physiological processes, such as endocrine and neuronal signals, on kidney function is also reviewed. Circadian rhythms in renal function are an integral part of kidney physiology, underscoring the importance of considering time-of-day as a key biological variable. The field of circadian renal physiology is of tremendous relevance, but with limited physiological and mechanistic information on the kidney clocks, this is an area in need of extensive investigation.

中文翻译：

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肾脏的生物钟：功能、机制和调节

内在的细胞生物钟位于身体的几乎每个细胞中。肾脏细胞内的外周生物钟有助于调节各种肾脏过程。在这篇综述中，我们总结了目前已知的有关肾钟功能、机制和调节的知识。此外，还回顾了肾外生理过程（例如内分泌和神经元信号）对肾功能的影响。肾功能的昼夜节律是肾脏生理学的一个组成部分，强调了将一天中的时间视为关键生物变量的重要性。昼夜节律肾生理学领域具有巨大的相关性，但由于肾钟的生理和机制信息有限，这是一个需要广泛研究的领域。