Children’s peer victimization trajectories and their longitudinal associations with externalizing and internalizing problems were investigated from Grades 2 to 5. Secondary data analysis was performed with the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K-2011; n = 13,860, Mage = 8.1 years old in the spring of Grade 2; 51.1% male, 46.7% White, 13.2% African-American, 25.3% Hispanic or Latino, 8.5% Asian, and 6.1% other or biracial). Children who experienced high and persistent levels of peer victimization (high-chronic victims) exhibited co-occurring externalizing and internalizing problems. Moreover, among high-chronic victims, boys had a more pronounced increase in their externalizing trajectories, and girls had greater increases in their social anxiety trajectories. In contrast, those with decreasing peer victimization across time exhibited signs of recovery, particularly with respect to their social anxiety. These findings elucidated how chronic, increasing, and decreasing victims exhibited distinct patterns in the co-occurring development of their externalizing and internalizing problems, and how findings varied depending on the form of problem behavior and by child sex.

对 2 至 5 年级儿童的同伴受害轨迹及其与外化和内化问题的纵向关联进行了调查。二次数据分析是通过早期儿童纵向研究（ECLS-K-2011；n = 13,860，M年龄= 8.1 岁）进行的。 2 年级春季；51.1% 为男性，46.7% 为白人，13.2% 为非裔美国人，25.3% 为西班牙裔或拉丁裔，8.5% 为亚洲人，6.1% 为其他或混血儿）。经历过高度且持续的同伴受害（高度慢性受害者）的儿童表现出同时发生的外化和内化问题。此外，在高慢性受害者中，男孩的外化轨迹增加更明显，女孩的社交焦虑轨迹增加更明显。相比之下，那些随着时间的推移同伴受害程度逐渐减少的人表现出恢复的迹象，特别是在社交焦虑方面。这些发现阐明了慢性、增加和减少的受害者在其外化和内化问题的同时发生发展中如何表现出不同的模式，以及研究结果如何根据问题行为的形式和儿童性别而变化。