Atomizing rainfall caused by flood discharge of high dams poses a great threat to the safety of powerhouse and ecological environment. As an indispensable means, numerical calculation is widely used in the safety design of discharge structures. The distribution of rainfall intensity is closely related to the trajectory nappe shape, jet trajectory distances, the splashed water droplet diameter and its velocity, and the spatial distribution of downstream nappe wind. In this paper, an experimental result is used to verify the improved stochastic splash mathematical model under different bucket types and discharge conditions, and the sensitivity of downstream rainfall intensity distribution to the shape of trajectory nappe, discharge flow, spatial distribution of downstream nappe wind, and the corresponding relationship between the droplet diameter and its splashing velocity is analyzed. The results show that the calculation accuracy of downstream rainfall intensity distribution is significantly improved when the above factors are taken into consideration. It is found that the bucket type and flood discharge rate play the greatest role in the rainfall intensity distribution, followed by the downstream nappe wind distribution, and finally the corresponding relationship between the diameter and velocity of splash droplets. Therefore, these factors should be considered comprehensively when the rainfall intensity distribution of flood discharge atomization is calculated. This study can help us to understand the influence factors of flood discharge atomization more deeply and predict the distribution of flood discharge atomization rainfall intensity more accurately.

高坝泄洪造成的雾化降雨对厂房安全和生态环境构成极大威胁。数值计算作为一种不可缺少的手段被广泛应用于泄放结构的安全设计。降雨强度的分布与轨迹推覆形状、射流轨迹距离、飞溅水滴直径及其速度、下游推覆风空间分布密切相关。本文通过实验结果验证了改进的随机飞溅数学模型在不同斗型和流量条件下，以及下游降雨强度分布对轨迹推覆形状、泄流流量、下游推覆风空间分布的敏感性，并分析了液滴直径与其飞溅速度的对应关系。结果表明，综合考虑上述因素，下游降雨强度分布的计算精度显着提高。发现斗型和泄洪量对降雨强度分布的影响最大，其次是顺流推覆风分布，最后是飞溅水滴直径和速度的对应关系。因此，在计算泄洪雾化降雨强度分布时应综合考虑这些因素。