Abstract

Psycholeptics, psychoanaleptics, and cardiovascular drugs alter individual tolerance to extreme heat. To explore the influence of heat waves on their toxicity in acute overdose, we retrospectively analyzed all human exposures to psycholeptics and psychoanaleptics (PLAexp) as well as cardiovascular drugs (CVDexp) registered by the Poisons Information Center (PIC) Erfurt between June to September of the years 2003 to 2018 for frequency, age groups, sex, circumstances of exposure, and symptom severity. The results of the non-heat years (NHY) 2004–2005 and 2007–2014 (average air temperature June-September 16.2 °C) were compared to the results of the heat years (HY) 2003, 2006 and 2015–2018 (average air temperature June-September 17.5 °C). In total, 13,191 cases (HY 5,117; NHY 8,074) of PLAexp and 2,960 cases (HY 1,168; NHY 1,792) of CVDexp were registered. During HY, accidental PLAexp (11.2% versus 9.7%) and CVDexp (40.6% versus 36.8%) were more often seen. Severe symptoms were less frequent in PLAexp (4.4% versus 6.3%) and CVDexp (3.3% versus 4.9%). Although in HY, no higher rates of moderate or severe PLAexp and CVDexp were detected than in NHY, patients with these medications should be observed carefully during heat waves because of affected body’s usual cooling mechanisms.

摘要

精神抑制药、精神兴奋药和心血管药物会改变个体对极热的耐受性。为了探讨热浪对其急性过量毒性的影响，我们回顾性分析了 6 月至 9 月期间在爱尔福特毒物信息中心 (PIC) 登记的所有人类暴露于精神病药物和精神兴奋药物 (PLAexp) 以及心血管药物 (CVDexp) 的情况。 2003 年至 2018 年的频率、年龄组、性别、接触情况和症状严重程度。将 2004-2005 年和 2007-2014 年非热年 (NHY) 的结果（6 月至 9 月的平均气温 16.2 °C）与 2003 年、2006 年和 2015-2018 年热年 (HY) 的结果（平均6 月至 9 月的气温为 17.5 °C）。PLAexp 共有 13,191 例（HY 5,117；NHY 8,074）和 2,960 例（HY 1,168；NHY 1，792) 的 CVDexp 已注册。在 HY 期间，更常见的是意外 PLAexp（11.2% 对 9.7%）和 CVDexp（40.6% 对 36.8%）。PLAexp（4.4% 对 6.3%）和 CVDexp（3.3% 对 4.9%）的严重症状较少。尽管在 HY 中未检测到中度或重度 PLAexp 和 CVDexp 的发生率高于 NHY，但由于受影响的身体通常的冷却机制，在热浪期间应仔细观察使用这些药物的患者。