OBJECTIVE The present study examined coping style as a possible moderator in the relationship between pain and depression in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). METHODS Fifty-four PwMS completed a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and psychosocial questionnaires that assessed physical, cognitive, and emotional functioning. Using four pain indices (i.e., average pain, current pain, pain intensity, and pain interference) from the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), an overall pain index was created to capture a more comprehensive index of individuals' overall pain intensity and interference. The COPE questionnaire was used to derive three coping indices: active coping, avoidant coping, and a composite cope index that accounts for the relative contributions of both active and avoidant coping. The Beck Depression Inventory-Fast Screen (BDI-FS) was used to measure depressive symptomatology. A series of hierarchical linear regressions were conducted with depressive symptoms as the outcome variable. RESULTS Regression analyses revealed that the interactions between overall pain and each conceptualization of coping were significant (p = .001-.003). Simple effects tests revealed that overall pain only predicted depressive symptoms in PwMS with low active coping (p < .001), high avoidant coping (p < .001), and less adaptive coping via the composite coping index (p < .001). CONCLUSION We found that pain predicted depressive symptoms in PwMS who utilized more avoidant and less active coping strategies. Interventions aimed to improve coping style may be effective in enhancing the ability to manage pain and, subsequently, improve depression outcomes in MS.

中文翻译：

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应对方式缓和疼痛对多发性硬化症抑郁症状的影响。

目的 本研究探讨了应对方式作为多发性硬化症 (PwMS) 患者疼痛和抑郁之间关系的可能调节因素。方法 54 名 PwMS 完成了全面的神经心理学测试和社会心理问卷，用于评估身体、认知和情绪功能。使用来自简要疼痛量表 (BPI) 的四个疼痛指数（即平均疼痛、当前疼痛、疼痛强度和疼痛干扰），创建了一个整体疼痛指数，以获取更全面的个人整体疼痛强度和干扰指数。COPE问卷用于得出三个应对指数：主动应对、回避应对和综合应对指数，该指数说明主动应对和回避应对的相对贡献。贝克抑郁量表快速筛查 (BDI-FS) 用于测量抑郁症状。以抑郁症状为结果变量进行了一系列层次线性回归。结果 回归分析显示，总体疼痛与应对的每个概念化之间的相互作用是显着的（p = .001-.003）。简单效应测试显示，总体疼痛仅能预测 PwMS 中的抑郁症状，主动应对低 (p < .001)、回避应对高 (p < .001) 和复合应对指数适应性应对低 (p < .001)。结论 我们发现疼痛可以预测 PwMS 中的抑郁症状，这些患者使用更多回避和不太积极的应对策略。旨在改善应对方式的干预措施可能有效地增强控制疼痛的能力，随后，