Neutralizing antibodies can block infection, clear pathogens, and are essential to provide long-term immunity. Since the onset of the pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies have been comprehensively investigated and critical information on their development, function, and potential use to prevent and treat COVID-19 have been revealed. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 immune escape variants, humoral immunity is being challenged, and a detailed understanding of neutralizing antibodies is essential to guide vaccine design strategies as well as antibody-mediated therapies. In this review, we summarize some of the key findings on SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies, with a focus on their clinical application.

中和抗体可以阻断感染、清除病原体，对于提供长期免疫力至关重要。自大流行开始以来，对 SARS-CoV-2 中和抗体进行了全面研究，并揭示了有关其发展、功能和预防和治疗 COVID-19 的潜在用途的关键信息。随着 SARS-CoV-2 免疫逃逸变异体的出现，体液免疫受到挑战，详细了解中和抗体对于指导疫苗设计策略和抗体介导的疗法至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 SARS-CoV-2 中和抗体的一些关键发现，重点是它们的临床应用。