Smart nanoexosomes are nanosized structures enclosed in lipid bilayers that are structurally similar to the viruses released by a variety of cells, including the cells lining the respiratory system. Of particular importance, the interaction between smart nanoexosomes and viruses can be used to develop antiviral drugs and vaccines. It is possible that nanoexosomes will be utilized and antibodies will be acquired more successfully for the transmission of an immune response if reconvalescent plasma (CP) is used instead of reconvalescent plasma exosomes (CPExo) in this concept. Convalescent plasma contains billions of smart nanoexosomes capable of transporting a variety of molecules, including proteins, lipids, RNA and DNA among other viral infections. Smart nanoexosomes are released from virus-infected cells and play an important role in mediating communication between infected and uninfected cells. Infections use the formation, production and release of smart nanoexosomes to enhance the infection, transmission and intercellular diffusion of viruses. Cell-free smart nanoexosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could also be used as cell-free therapies in certain cases. Smart nanoexosomes produced by mesenchymal stem cells can also promote mitochondrial function and heal lung injury. They can reduce cytokine storms and restore the suppression of host antiviral defenses weakened by viral infections. This study examines the benefits of smart nanoexosomes and their roles in viral transmission, infection, treatment, drug delivery and clinical applications. We also explore some potential future applications for smart nanoexosomes in the treatment of viral infections.

中文翻译：

---

等离子体智能纳米外泌体平台作为临床病毒感染的新兴免疫发病机制

智能纳米外泌体是包裹在脂质双层中的纳米级结构，其结构类似于各种细胞释放的病毒，包括呼吸系统内的细胞。特别重要的是，智能纳米外泌体与病毒之间的相互作用可用于开发抗病毒药物和疫苗。如果在此概念中使用恢复期血浆 (CP) 代替恢复期血浆外泌体 (CPExo)，则可能会使用纳米外泌体并更成功地获得抗体来传递免疫反应。恢复期血浆包含数十亿个智能纳米外泌体，能够运输各种分子，包括蛋白质、脂质、RNA 和 DNA 以及其他病毒感染。智能纳米外泌体从病毒感染的细胞中释放出来，在介导感染细胞和未感染细胞之间的通讯中发挥重要作用。感染利用智能纳米外泌体的形成、产生和释放来增强病毒的感染、传播和细胞间扩散。在某些情况下，间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 产生的无细胞智能纳米外泌体也可用作无细胞疗法。间充质干细胞产生的智能纳米外泌体还可以促进线粒体功能和治愈肺损伤。它们可以减少细胞因子风暴并恢复对因病毒感染而削弱的宿主抗病毒防御的抑制。本研究探讨了智能纳米外泌体的益处及其在病毒传播、感染、治疗、药物输送和临床应用中的作用。