Amphibians have suffered population decline due to several factors, including exposure to pesticides. In the south of Brazil, rice cultivations use herbicides based on atrazine, glyphosate and quinclorac as the commercial formulations Primoleo®, Roundup® and Facet®, respectively. Rhinella icterica was chosen to evaluate oxidative balance markers and body condition after exposure to three concentrations of herbicides (10, 20 and 40 µg/L of atrazine and quinclorac; 100, 250 and 500 µg/L of glyphosate). These xenobiotics, regardless of the concentrations used, accelerated the development process of animals and seemed to act as modulators of development. We observed no significant variations for any of the oxidative balance markers studied (superoxide dismutase, catalase, TBARS and carbonylated proteins); however, we cannot rule out that other antioxidant system components prevent oxidative stress. In general, atrazine and glyphosate accelerated the development of tadpoles, and quinclorac retards this process, which could impact the survival of these animals.

由于多种因素，包括接触杀虫剂，两栖动物的数量下降。在巴西南部，水稻种植使用基于阿特拉津、草甘膦和喹氯酸的除草剂，分别作为 Primoleo®、Roundup® 和 Facet® 的商业配方。黄鳝选择在暴露于三种浓度的除草剂（10、20 和 40 µg/L 的阿特拉津和喹氯酸；100、250 和 500 µg/L 的草甘膦）后评估氧化平衡标志物和身体状况。这些外源性物质，无论使用何种浓度，都加速了动物的发育过程，似乎起到了发育调节剂的作用。我们观察到所研究的任何氧化平衡标志物（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶、TBARS 和羰基化蛋白质）没有显着变化；但是，我们不能排除其他抗氧化系统成分可以防止氧化应激。一般来说，阿特拉津和草甘膦加速了蝌蚪的发育，而喹氯酸则延缓了这一过程，这可能会影响这些动物的生存。