Nanomedicines have been used over time because of their significant impact on human health care for the prevention, early detection, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of a wide range of illnesses. Nanomedicines must be adequately characterized in order to develop well-defined nanomedicines with therapeutic value. The surface charge of nanomedicines plays an important role to determine how they interact with biological components where the zeta potential is a useful tool for describing the chemical composition of particle surfaces, such as functional groups, adsorption/desorption, and so on. The main goal of this review is to present an overview of the impact of nanomedicines' surface charges on absorption, distribution, metabolism, and in vivo drug release, for example negatively charged nanoparticles diffuse well through mucus for mucosal drug delivery, whereas positively charged nanoparticles are preferred for transvascular transport, tumor penetration, and cellular absorption. In this review, we also highlight how to improve nanomedicines' therapeutic potential by altering their surface characteristics with the help of various polymers. Future research should be focused on enhancing the therapeutic efficiency of nanomedicines by changing their surface properties, as well as conducting in-depth mechanistic studies by changing the surface properties of nanomedicines for the efficient treatment of diseases with low or no nanomedicine toxicity.

中文翻译：

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通过改变表面特性增强纳米药物的治疗潜力

随着时间的推移，纳米药物被广泛使用，因为它们对人类保健有重大影响，可用于预防、早期检测、诊断、治疗和随访各种疾病。为了开发具有治疗价值的定义明确的纳米药物，必须充分表征纳米药物。纳米药物的表面电荷在决定它们如何与生物成分相互作用方面起着重要作用，其中 zeta 电位是描述粒子表面化学成分（如官能团、吸附/解吸等）的有用工具。本综述的主要目的是概述纳米药物的表面电荷对吸收、分布、代谢和体内药物释放的影响，例如，带负电荷的纳米颗粒可以很好地扩散通过粘液以用于粘膜药物递送，而带正电荷的纳米颗粒则更适合用于跨血管运输、肿瘤渗透和细胞吸收。在这篇综述中，我们还强调了如何在各种聚合物的帮助下通过改变纳米药物的表面特性来提高纳米药物的治疗潜力。未来的研究应侧重于通过改变纳米药物的表面性质来提高纳米药物的治疗效率，以及通过改变纳米药物的表面性质进行深入的机理研究，以有效治疗纳米药物毒性低或无毒性的疾病。我们还强调了如何在各种聚合物的帮助下通过改变纳米药物的表面特性来提高纳米药物的治疗潜力。未来的研究应侧重于通过改变纳米药物的表面性质来提高纳米药物的治疗效率，以及通过改变纳米药物的表面性质进行深入的机理研究，以有效治疗纳米药物毒性低或无毒性的疾病。我们还强调了如何在各种聚合物的帮助下通过改变纳米药物的表面特性来提高纳米药物的治疗潜力。未来的研究应侧重于通过改变纳米药物的表面性质来提高纳米药物的治疗效率，以及通过改变纳米药物的表面性质进行深入的机理研究，以有效治疗纳米药物毒性低或无毒性的疾病。