We devised, fabricated, and tested differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and impedance spectroscopy (EIS) chemosensors for duloxetine (DUL) antidepressant determination in human plasma. Polyacrylic nanoparticles were synthesized by precipitation polymerization and were molecularly imprinted with DUL (DUL-nanoMIPs). Then, together with the single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) scaffolds, they were uniformly embedded in polytyramine films, i.e., nanoMIPs-SWCNT@(polytyramine film) surface constructs, deposited on gold electrodes by potentiodynamic electropolymerization. These constructs constituted recognition units of the chemosensors. The molecular dynamics (MD) designing of DUL-nanoMIPs helped select the most appropriate functional and cross-linking monomers and determine the selectivity of the chemosensor. Three different DUL-nanoMIPs and non-imprinted polymer (nanoNIPs) were prepared with these monomers. DUL-nanoMIPs, synthesized from respective methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethyl acrylate as the functional and cross-linking monomers, revealed the highest affinity to the DUL analyte. The linear dynamic concentration range, extending from 10 pM to 676 nM DUL, and the limit of detection (LOD), equaling 1.6 pM, in the plasma were determined by the DPV chemosensor, outperforming the EIS chemosensor. HPLC-UV measurements confirmed the results of DUL electrochemical chemosensing.

中文翻译：

---

具有分子印迹聚合物纳米颗粒的聚酪胺薄膜涂层单壁碳纳米管电化学化学传感器用于人血浆中度洛西汀的选择性测定

我们设计、制造和测试了用于人血浆中度洛西汀 (DUL) 抗抑郁药测定的差分脉冲伏安法 (DPV) 和阻抗谱 (EIS) 化学传感器。聚丙烯酸纳米粒子通过沉淀聚合合成，并用 DUL（DUL-nanoMIPs）进行分子印迹。然后，将它们与单壁碳纳米管（SWCNT）支架一起均匀地嵌入聚酪胺薄膜中，即nanoMIPs-SWCNT@（聚酪胺薄膜）表面结构，通过动电位电聚合沉积在金电极上。这些构建体构成了化学传感器的识别单元。DUL-nanoMIP 的分子动力学 (MD) 设计有助于选择最合适的功能性和交联单体并确定化学传感器的选择性。用这些单体制备了三种不同的 DUL-nanoMIPs 和非印迹聚合物 (nanoNIPs)。由各自的甲基丙烯酸和乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯作为功能性和交联单体合成的 DUL-nanoMIP 显示出对 DUL 分析物的最高亲和力。DPV 化学传感器测定了血浆中从 10 pM 到 676 nM DUL 的线性动态浓度范围和等于 1.6 pM 的检测限 (LOD)，其性能优于 EIS 化学传感器。HPLC-UV 测量证实了 DUL 电化学化学传感的结果。DPV 化学传感器测定了血浆中从 10 pM 到 676 nM DUL 的线性动态浓度范围和等于 1.6 pM 的检测限 (LOD)，其性能优于 EIS 化学传感器。HPLC-UV 测量证实了 DUL 电化学化学传感的结果。DPV 化学传感器测定了血浆中从 10 pM 到 676 nM DUL 的线性动态浓度范围和等于 1.6 pM 的检测限 (LOD)，其性能优于 EIS 化学传感器。HPLC-UV 测量证实了 DUL 电化学化学传感的结果。