To achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals related to food security and biodiversity, understanding their interrelationships is essential. By examining datasets comprising 189 food items across 157 countries during 2000–2018, we found that high-income countries exported more food to low-income countries than they imported. Many low-income countries, especially those with biodiversity hotspots, increasingly acted as net importers, suggesting that imports from high-income countries can benefit biodiversity in low-income countries. Because low-income countries without hotspots have rapidly raised their amounts of food exports to hotspot countries, such exports might help further reduce negative impacts on biodiversity. The increasing complexity of food trade among countries with and without biodiversity hotspots requires innovative approaches to minimize the negative impacts of global food production and trade on biodiversity in countries worldwide.

要实现与粮食安全和生物多样性相关的联合国可持续发展目标，了解它们之间的相互关系至关重要。通过检查 2000 年至 2018 年期间包含 157 个国家的 189 种食品的数据集，我们发现高收入国家向低收入国家出口的食品多于进口的食品。许多低收入国家，尤其是那些生物多样性热点国家，越来越多地充当净进口国，这表明从高收入国家进口可以使低收入国家的生物多样性受益。由于没有热点的低收入国家迅速增加了对热点国家的粮食出口量，这种出口可能有助于进一步减少对生物多样性的负面影响。