ABSTRACT

The use of cover crops within olive groves, be they legume, non-legume or a mixture, has become more widespread in recent years as a practice of environmental sustainability to improve soil organic matter. Using both SC: a sole-crop and AC: an alley-cropping, Hordeum vulgare L. and Vicia sativa L. were studied with olive trees 2016 to 2019. The aim was to determine the effects of both of these systems on: TB: total biomass, POXC: Permanganate oxidizable Carbon and SOC: Soil Organic Carbon, TN: Total Nitrogen, C:N ratio; and P: available Phosphorus. These parameters were measured on 192 soil samples collected at 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil depths before planting and after crop harvesting. The results showed that within the relatively short time of three seasons, cover crops increased SOC slightly overall. Compared to the SC, AC limited crop and weed growth and produced significantly less TB, especially in 2017–18, a particularly dry season. This can be explained by the initial state of the soil which was significantly affected by the cropping system. AC enhanced SOC and stabilized the POXC during all three cropping seasons for all treatments. Mixed crop (barley and vetch) significantly increased TN in the AC over the three cropping seasons and decreased the C:N ratio. However, with barley and vetch in pure stand, the mean TN was similar to that of fallow. Also, this type of agroforestry increased the mean available phosphorus with barley, vetch and a mixture of the two compared to fallow.

摘要

近年来，在橄榄树林中使用覆盖作物，无论是豆科植物、非豆科植物还是混合作物，作为一种环境可持续性的实践来改善土壤有机质，已经变得越来越普遍。同时使用 SC：单一作物和 AC：胡同作物，Hordeum vulgare L. 和Vicia sativaL. 在 2016 年至 2019 年对橄榄树进行了研究。目的是确定这两个系统对以下方面的影响：TB：总生物量，POXC：高锰酸盐可氧化碳和 SOC：土壤有机碳，TN：总氮，C:N比率; P：有效磷。这些参数是在种植前和作物收获后在 0-20 和 20-40 厘米土壤深度采集的 192 个土壤样品上测量的。结果表明，在相对较短的三个季节内，覆盖作物的 SOC 总体略有增加。与 SC 相比，AC 限制了作物和杂草的生长，产生的结核病显着减少，尤其是在 2017-18 年这一特别干旱的季节。这可以通过受耕作制度显着影响的土壤初始状态来解释。在所有处理的所有三个种植季节，AC 增强了 SOC 并稳定了 POXC。混种作物（大麦和紫云英）在三个种植季节显着增加了 AC 中的 TN，并降低了 C:N 比。然而，大麦和野豌豆在纯林中，平均TN与休耕相似。此外，与休耕相比，这种类型的农林业增加了大麦、野豌豆和两者混合物的平均有效磷。