Copper (Cu) is the most efficient metal that can electrochemically convert CO₂ to various chemical feedstocks at reasonable efficiency. The activity and selectivity toward the CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) largely depend on the surface sensitivity and electrokinetics of Cu catalysts. Surface engineering is achievable through tuning the structure and through crystal orientation. The Cu-surface modulation and tunings, e.g., controlled morphology, oxygen vacancies, and alloys on supports or substrates, propose different reaction tracks and intermediates, whereas common routes are ∗CO dimerization, C–C, and C₁–C₂ coupling for the formation of C₂ and C₃ products. In this review, recent progress on the surface engineering of Cu-based catalysts is primarily recaptured and explained. The fragmentation, coalescence, and aggregation of Cu nanoparticles cause stability issues of Cu catalysts during the CO₂RR, which has also been discussed. Finally, we summarize critical strategies and approaches to surface engineering of Cu-based catalysts for the efficient CO₂RR.

铜 (Cu) 是最有效的金属，能够以合理的效率将 CO ₂电化学转化为各种化学原料。_{CO 2}还原反应（CO ₂ RR）的活性和选择性很大程度上取决于Cu催化剂的表面敏感性和电动力学。表面工程可以通过调整结构和晶体取向来实现。Cu 表面调制和调整，例如受控形态、氧空位和载体或基板上的合金，提出了不同的反应轨迹和中间体，而常见的途径是*CO 二聚化、C-C 和 C ₁ -C ₂耦合C ₂和 C _3的形成产品。在这篇综述中，主要回顾和解释了铜基催化剂表面工程的最新进展。Cu纳米颗粒的碎裂、聚结和聚集会导致Cu催化剂在CO ₂ RR过程中的稳定性问题，对此也进行了讨论。_{最后，我们总结了用于高效 CO 2} RR的铜基催化剂表面工程的关键策略和方法。