Antibiotics are widely used in daily life, which has created a global scenario where many pathogenic organisms have become effectively resistant to antibiotics. The abuse or overuse of antibiotics causes significant environmental pollution and even endangers human health. It is well-known that antibiotics' efficacy (toxicity) is determined by molecular structure. Therefore, structure-level qualitative analysis with high sensitivity and accuracy is vitally important. Characterized by fingerprinting recognition, Raman spectroscopy, especially surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), has become an essential qualitative analysis tool in various fields, such as environmental monitoring and food safety. With the exception of chirality, this study completed the qualitative trace analysis of 16 quinolone antibiotics (QNs) with fine molecular structure differences using SERS. The sensitivity was tuned in by one order of magnitude through the different electronegativity and steric hindrances of the slightly changed functional groups in the specific antibiotics. The fine structure dependent sensitivity enables SERS to be a powerful on-site monitoring tool to control the abuse of antibiotics with high toxicity; thus, decreasing the subsequent risk to the environmental ecology and human society.

抗生素在日常生活中的广泛应用，造成了全球许多病原微生物对抗生素产生有效耐药性的局面。滥用或过度使用抗生素会造成严重的环境污染，甚至危害人类健康。众所周知，抗生素的功效（毒性）是由分子结构决定的。因此，具有高灵敏度和准确性的结构级定性分析至关重要。以指纹识别为特征的拉曼光谱，尤其是表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）已成为环境监测、食品安全等各个领域必不可少的定性分析工具。除了手性，本研究使用 SERS 完成了对 16 种具有精细分子结构差异的喹诺酮类抗生素 (QNs) 的定性痕量分析。通过特定抗生素中略微改变的官能团的不同电负性和空间位阻，灵敏度被调整了一个数量级。精细结构依赖的灵敏度使 SERS 成为一种强大的现场监测工具，以控制高毒性抗生素的滥用；从而降低后续对环境生态和人类社会的风险。精细结构依赖的灵敏度使 SERS 成为一种强大的现场监测工具，以控制高毒性抗生素的滥用；从而降低后续对环境生态和人类社会的风险。精细结构依赖的灵敏度使 SERS 成为一种强大的现场监测工具，以控制高毒性抗生素的滥用；从而降低后续对环境生态和人类社会的风险。