In this study, heteroelement-rich groups (N and B elements, tris (2-hydrazinylethyl) borate) were successfully synthesised on lignin by microwave amination. The reaction between lignin and heteroelement-rich groups was confirmed using several characterization techniques, including fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). A lignin model compound (2-phenoxyacetophenone (L-M)) was used to study the bond-breaking mechanism of lignin depolymerization, and the amine group, which acted as a nucleophile, attacked the C–C bond to form an amide bond with the lignin. As an effective additive, modified lignin can increase the viscosity of poly (ethylene glycol) 200 (PEG200), reducing the wear volume and friction coefficient in the friction test. Theoretical calculations showed that the polarity of the modified lignin increased, which allowed the modified lignin to form a strong physical adsorption on the metal surface. In addition, the reciprocal hydrogen bonding between the modified lignin and PEG200 contributes synergistically to the enhanced lubrication film strength, and thus, the better tribological properties of these new lubricants.

在这项研究中，通过微波胺化在木质素上成功合成了富含异质元素的基团（N 和 B 元素，三（2-肼基乙基）硼酸盐）。木质素和富含异质元素的基团之间的反应通过多种表征技术得到证实，包括傅立叶变换红外 (FT-IR) 光谱、热重 (TG) 分析和 X 射线光电子能谱 (XPS)。木质素模型化合物（2-苯氧基苯乙酮（LM））用于研究木质素解聚的断键机理，胺基作为亲核试剂攻击C-C键与木质素形成酰胺键. 作为一种有效的添加剂，改性木质素可以增加聚（乙二醇）200（PEG200）的粘度，降低摩擦试验中的磨损量和摩擦系数。理论计算表明，改性木质素的极性增加，使改性木质素在金属表面形成强烈的物理吸附。此外，改性木质素和 PEG200 之间的相互氢键对增强润滑膜强度具有协同作用，因此这些新润滑剂具有更好的摩擦学性能。