Engineering high-performance cathodes for high energy-density lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries is quite significant to achieve commercialization. Here, we develop a graphene oxide scaffold/sulfur composite-encapsulated microcapsule (GSM) for high-performance Li–S batteries, which is prepared through the co-flow focusing (CFF) approach. The GSM-based cathode displays a high capacity of 1004 mA h g⁻¹ at 0.2C after cycling 200 times, a long-term cycling stability after 1000 cycles at 2C, and a good rate-performance. At temperatures of −5 °C and 45 °C, the electrochemical performance is also excellent. The computational calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) verify the high adsorption energies of the microcapsules towards polysulfides, suppressing the shuttle effect efficiently. It is expected that the GSM system developed based on the CFF method here and its high electrochemical performance will enable it to be applicable for preparing many other emerging energy-storage materials and secondary batteries.

中文翻译：

---

用于多硫化物固定长寿命锂硫电池的氧化石墨烯支架封装微胶囊

为高能量密度锂硫 (Li-S) 电池设计高性能正极对于实现商业化非常重要。在这里，我们开发了一种用于高性能锂硫电池的氧化石墨烯支架/硫复合封装微胶囊（GSM），它是通过共流聚焦（CFF）方法制备的。^{基于 GSM 的阴极显示出 1004 mA hg -1}的高容量在0.2C循环200次后，在2C循环1000次后具有长期循环稳定性，并具有良好的倍率性能。在-5°C和45°C的温度下，电化学性能也非常出色。基于密度泛函理论（DFT）的计算计算验证了微胶囊对多硫化物的高吸附能，有效地抑制了穿梭效应。预计基于CFF方法开发的GSM系统及其高电化学性能将使其适用于制备许多其他新兴储能材料和二次电池。