Loving-kindness and compassion meditation (LKCM) was a promising intervention for improving life satisfaction, but previous findings have been inconsistent. The current study provides a systematic review and meta-analysis, including 23 empirical studies on LKCM with life satisfaction as an outcome variable. The primary meta-analysis indicated that LKCM significantly enhanced life satisfaction in pre-post design (g = 0.312, k = 15, n = 451), but the significance disappeared in the additional meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials (g = 0.106, k = 6, n = 404). Moderator analyses found significant effects for type of control (i.e., the effects of LKCM were inferior to active control group, but superior to waitlist condition), but not for other moderators (i.e., participant type, previous meditation experience, specific protocol, components of LKCM, combination with mindfulness mediation, and intervention length). Narrative review identified self-compassion and positive emotions as important mediators. The practice time of LKCM had indirect but not direct association with life satisfaction. The findings supported that LKCM is promising in increasing life satisfaction, but more studies are needed to investigate the effects with more rigorous designs. Future studies should investigate other potential mechanisms and clarify whether LKCM change the reality or the perception of life.

中文翻译：

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慈悲冥想对生活满意度的影响：系统评价和荟萃分析

慈悲冥想（LKCM）是一种很有前途的提高生活满意度的干预措施，但之前的研究结果并不一致。目前的研究提供了系统回顾和荟萃分析，包括 23 项以生活满意度为结果变量的 LKCM 实证研究。初步荟萃分析表明，LKCM 在前期设计中显着提高了生活满意度（g  = 0.312，k  = 15，n  = 451），但在基于随机对照试验的额外荟萃分析中，显着性消失了（g  = 0.106 , k  = 6, n = 404)。主持人分析发现对控制类型有显着影响（即，LKCM 的效果不如主动对照组，但优于候补名单条件），但对其他主持人（即参与者类型、先前的冥想经验、特定协议、 LKCM，结合正念调解和干预长度）。叙事审查将自我同情和积极情绪确定为重要的中介。LKCM的练习时间与生活满意度有间接但不直接的关系。研究结果支持 LKCM 有望提高生活满意度，但需要更多的研究来研究更严格设计的效果。未来的研究应该调查其他潜在的机制，并阐明 LKCM 是否改变了现实或对生活的看法。