The aggressive and rule-breaking behaviors that constitute youth antisocial behavior (ASB) are shaped by intertwined genetic, developmental, familial, spatial, temporal, cultural, interpersonal, and contextual influences operating across multiple levels of analysis. Genetic influences on ASB, for example, manifest in different ways during different developmental periods, and do so in part as a function of exposure to harsh parenting, delinquent peers, and disadvantaged neighborhoods. There is also clear evidence documenting societal effects, time-period effects, sex-assigned-at-birth effects, and cohort effects, all of which point to prominent (and possibly interconnected) cultural influences on ASB. In short, ASB is shaped by individuals’ current and prior environmental experiences, genetic risks, and the time and place in which they live. This review seeks to illuminate already documented instances of interplay among the multilevel etiologic forces impinging on youth ASB, with the goal of facilitating additional research.

中文翻译：

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影响青少年反社会行为的遗传、环境和文化力量紧密相连

构成青少年反社会行为（ASB）的攻击性和违反规则的行为是由跨多个分析层面的相互交织的遗传、发育、家庭、空间、时间、文化、人际和背景影响形成的。例如，遗传对 ASB 的影响在不同的发育时期会以不同的方式表现出来，这在一定程度上是由于受到严厉的养育、不良同龄人和弱势社区的影响而产生的。还有明确的证据记录了社会效应、时间段效应、出生时性别分配效应和队列效应，所有这些都表明文化对 ASB 具有显着的（并且可能是相互关联的）影响。简而言之，ASB 是由个人当前和之前的环境经历、遗传风险以及居住的时间和地点决定的。本综述旨在阐明影响青少年 ASB 的多层次病因之间相互作用的实例，目的是促进进一步的研究。