This review considers two themes. The first section describes the influence of two temperamental biases detectable in infants that render children vulnerable to maladaptive behavior if the rearing environment invites such responses. Infants who display high levels of limb activity and crying in response to unexpected events are likely to be shy and fearful as children and are at risk for an anxiety disorder. Infants who display little limb movement and crying are susceptible to assuming risks and vulnerable to asocial behavior if the rearing environment invites these actions. The second section criticizes three common research practices: failure to examine patterns of measures for predictors and outcomes, an indifference to the power of the setting on the evidence recorded, and the distortions that semantic terms in questionnaires impose on replies.

中文翻译：

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气质和理论对临床心理学的贡献

这篇评论考虑了两个主题。第一部分描述了婴儿中可检测到的两种气质偏差的影响，如果养育环境引发此类反应，这些偏差会使儿童容易出现适应不良行为。因应对意外事件而表现出高水平的肢体活动和哭泣的婴儿在孩童时期可能会害羞和害怕，并且有患焦虑症的风险。如果养育环境引发这些行为，肢体运动和哭泣较少的婴儿很容易承担风险，并且容易出现反社会行为。第二部分批评了三种常见的研究实践：未能检查预测变量和结果的测量模式、对所记录证据的设置力量漠不关心，以及问卷中的语义术语对答复造成的扭曲。