This study aimed to investigate the effects of the glycerol monolaurate (GML) and tributyrin (TB) and their interaction on the growth performance, body composition, nonspecific immunity, gene expression and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei (initial weight 0.24 ± 0.00 g). The feeding trial comprised a completely randomized 3 × 2 factorial design and six formulated diets with two different GML levels (0.10% and 0.15%) and three different TB levels (0.10%, 0.15%, and 0.20%) named G10T10, G10T15, G10T20, G15T10, G15T15, and G15T20, respectively. Results showed that three groups (G10T15, G15T10, and G15T15) had significantly higher final mean weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate (P < 0.05) and lower feed conversion ratio than the other groups (P < 0.05). Catalase at low and medium addition levels of TB (G10T10, G10T15, G15T10, and G15T15) was promoted by GML (P < 0.05), and malondialdehyde was inhibited by GML (P < 0.05). Glutathione in G10T15 and G15T10 had the highest values among the groups (P < 0.05). Acid phosphatase was greatly influenced by GML, TB, and their interaction, and its maximum value was found in G15T10 (P < 0.05). Alkaline phosphatase was influenced by TB and was significantly higher in G10T15 and G15T15 than in the other groups (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of lysozyme (LZM), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and phenol oxidase (PO) were significantly affected by GML, TB, and their interaction (P < 0.05). At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio increased and then decreased at low level of GML (0.10%) and gradually decreased at high level of GML (0.15%), with minimum values in the G10T15 and G15T10 groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, 0.15% GML and 0.10% TB were the optimal dietary addition on the basis of growth performance, nonspecific immunity, and intestinal health of the juvenile shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

本研究旨在研究单月桂酸甘油酯 (GML) 和三丁酸甘油酯 (TB) 及其相互作用对凡纳滨对虾（初始重量 0.24 ± 0.00 g）生长性能、身体成分、非特异性免疫、基因表达和肠道微生物群的影响。饲喂试验包括完全随机的 3 × 2 因子设计和六种配方日粮，具有两种不同的 GML 水平（0.10% 和 0.15%）和三种不同的 TB 水平（0.10%、0.15% 和 0.20%），分别命名为 G10T10、G10T15、G10T20 、G15T10、G15T15 和 G15T20。结果表明，三组（G10T15、G15T10、G15T15）的终平均重、增重率、比生长率显着高于其他组（ P  < 0.05），饲料转化率显着低于其他组（P < 0.05)。GML 促进低和中等添加水平的过氧化氢酶（G10T10、G10T15、G15T10 和 G15T15），而GML 抑制丙二醛（P  < 0.05）。G10T15和G15T10组中谷胱甘肽含量最高（P  < 0.05）。酸性磷酸酶受GML、TB及其相互作用的影响较大，在G15T10出现最大值（P  <0.05）。碱性磷酸酶受结核病影响，G10T15和G15T15显着高于其他组（P  < 0.05）。溶菌酶 (LZM)、热休克蛋白 70 (HSP70) 和酚氧化酶 (PO) 的 mRNA 表达受 GML、TB 及其相互作用的显着影响 ( P < 0.05)。在门水平上，厚壁菌门和厚壁菌门/拟杆菌门的比值在低GML（0.10%）时先升高后降低，在高GML（0.15%）时逐渐降低，G10T15和G15T10组最低（P  < 0.05 ） ）。总之，根据南美白对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）的生长性能、非特异性免疫和肠道健康，0.15% GML和0.10% TB是最佳的日粮添加量。