The thermal modeling of biological systems is increasingly important in the development of more advanced and more precise techniques such as ultrasound surgery. One of the primary barriers is the complexity of biological materials: the geometrical, structural, and material properties vary in a wide range. In the present paper, we focus on the continuum modeling of heterogeneous materials of biological origin. There are numerous examples in the literature for non-Fourier thermal models. However, as we realized, they are associated with a few common misconceptions. Therefore, we first aim to clarify the basic concepts of non-Fourier thermal models. These concepts are demonstrated by revisiting two experiments from the literature in which the Cattaneo–Vernotte and the dual phase lag models are utilized. Our investigation revealed that these non-Fourier models are based on misinterpretations of the measured data, and the seeming deviation from Fourier’s law originates from the source terms and boundary conditions.

中文翻译：

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生物系统中非傅里叶热传导的连续模型透视

生物系统的热建模在开发更先进和更精确的技术（如超声手术）中变得越来越重要。主要障碍之一是生物材料的复杂性：几何、结构和材料特性变化很大。在本文中，我们专注于生物来源的异质材料的连续体建模。文献中有许多非傅立叶热模型的例子。然而，正如我们所意识到的，它们与一些常见的误解有关。因此，我们首先旨在阐明非傅里叶热模型的基本概念。这些概念通过重新审视文献中的两个实验来证明，其中使用了 Cattaneo-Vernotte 和双相滞后模型。