Fouling of heat exchangers (HEs) has become a major concern across the industrial sector. Fouling is an omnipresent phenomenon but is particularly prevalent in the dairy, oil, and energy industries. Reduced energy performance that results from fouling represents significant operating loss in terms of both maintenance and impact on product quality and safety. In most industries, cleaning or replacing HEs are currently the only viable solutions for controlling fouling. This review examines the latest advances in the development of innovative materials and coatings for HEs that could mitigate the need for costly and frequent cleaning and potentially extend their operational life. To better understand the correlation between surface properties and fouling occurrence, we begin by providing an overview of the main mechanisms underlying fouling. We then present selected key strategies, which can differ considerably, for developing antifouling surfaces and conclude by discussing the current trends in the search for ideal materials for a range of applications. In our presentation of all these aspects, emphasis is given wherever possible to the potential transfer of these innovative surfaces from the laboratory to the three industries most concerned by HE fouling problems: food, petrochemicals, and energy production.

中文翻译：

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用于工业热交换器的创新防污材料：综述

热交换器 (HE) 的结垢已成为整个工业部门的主要问题。结垢是一种无所不在的现象，但在乳制品、石油和能源行业尤其普遍。结垢导致的能源性能下降代表了在维护和对产品质量和安全的影响方面的重大运营损失。在大多数行业中，清洁或更换 HE 是目前控制污垢的唯一可行解决方案。这篇综述探讨了开发用于 HE 的创新材料和涂层的最新进展，这些进展可以减轻对昂贵和频繁清洁的需求，并可能延长其使用寿命。为了更好地理解表面性质和结垢发生之间的相关性，我们首先概述了结垢的主要机制。然后，我们介绍了开发防污表面的选定关键策略，这些策略可能存在很大差异，并通过讨论为一系列应用寻找理想材料的当前趋势得出结论。在我们对所有这些方面的介绍中，尽可能强调这些创新表面可能从实验室转移到最受 HE 污染问题关注的三个行业：食品、石化和能源生产。