In this study, a magnetic carbon nanocomposite (MCNC) was prepared using peanut shell biomass as carbon source. The prepared adsorbent was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) and BET surface analysis. Batch experiments were carried out to determine the adsorption parameters of cetyl dimethylethyl ammonium bromide (CDEAB) on MCNC. Of the isotherm and kinetics models used, the Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium adsorption data best, while the kinetics data were best explained by the second-order kinetic pseudo-equation. The numerical values of enthalpy change (ΔH8 = 38 kJ mol–1) and Gibb free energy (ΔG8 = 70.95 kJ mol–1, 72.19 kJ mol–1 and 73.32 kJ mol–1 corresponding to 20°C, 30°C and 40 °C, respectively) were positive, while the value of entropy change (ΔS8 = –0.11 kJ mol–1 K–1) indicated an endothermic and non-spontaneous process. After determining the optimal adsorption parameters, the adsorbent was used in a hybrid plant with a membrane pilot plant equipped with ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. In MCNC/membrane operation, an improvement in permeate flux was observed for the three selected membranes. The percentage retention of UF and NF membranes was also improved by MCNC pre-treatments in hybrid mode.

中文翻译：

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吸附结合膜中试装置去除水中表面活性剂十六烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵

本研究以花生壳生物质为碳源制备磁性碳纳米复合材料（MCNC）。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、热重/差热分析（​​TGA/DTA）和BET表面分析对制备的吸附剂进行了表征。进行批量实验以确定十六烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵（CDEAB）在MCNC上的吸附参数。在所使用的等温线和动力学模型中，Langmuir 模型最适合平衡吸附数据，而动力学数据最好由二级动力学伪方程来解释。焓变数值（ΔH8 = 38 kJ mol–1) 和吉布自由能 (ΔG8 = 70.95 kJ mol–1, 72.19 千焦摩尔–1和 73.32 kJ 摩尔–1分别对应于 20°C、30°C 和 40°C）为正值，而熵变值（ΔS8 = –0.11 kJ mol–1ķ–1) 表示吸热和非自发过程。在确定最佳吸附参数后，将吸附剂用于混合工厂，该工厂配备了配备超滤 (UF)、纳滤 (NF) 和反渗透 (RO) 膜的膜中试设备。在 MCNC/膜操作中，观察到三种选定膜的渗透通量有所改善。混合模式下的 MCNC 预处理也提高了 UF 和 NF 膜的保留百分比。