Firefighters are repeatedly exposed to work-related potential traumatic events and have an increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the mechanisms implicated in this relationship are not clear. The aim of this study was to analyse the risk and protective factors related to the development of PTSD in firefighters. According to PRISMA, a systematic review of scientific literature was conducted in Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scopus, PubMed and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) was used as the methodological quality indicator of the selected articles (PROSPERO reference CRD42020213009). Prognostic studies involving active firefighters with presence of post-traumatic symptomatology, presenting original findings, and written in Spanish or English were included. A total of 1768 potentially eligible articles were identified. According to the inclusion criteria, 87 articles were selected to evaluate the full text. Finally, 19 articles were included, comprising 12,298 active firefighters. There is high heterogeneity in the variables evaluated in the different studies. Taking the data for which this review has found more evidence (moderate support), operational stress, job duration, burnout, expressive suppression and rumination could be risk factors of PTSD, and belongingness and dispositional mindfulness could be protective factors. Other variables with weak support (e.g. resilience) were analysed. This review analyses the available literature, highlighting its scarcity for future research on the subject. Due to repeated trauma exposure, it is important to continue investigations and bear these variables in mind for the prevention of PTSD in firefighters.

消防员反复暴露于与工作相关的潜在创伤事件，并且患创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的风险增加。然而，这种关系所涉及的机制尚不清楚。本研究的目的是分析与消防员发生 PTSD 相关的风险和保护因素。据 PRISMA 称，在 Web of Science、PsycINFO、Scopus、PubMed 和 Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials 中对科学文献进行了系统评价。预后研究质量 (QUIPS) 用作所选文章的方法学质量指标（PROSPERO 参考 CRD42020213009）。包括涉及存在创伤后症状的现役消防员的预后研究，呈现原始发现，并以西班牙语或英语书写。共确定了 1768 篇可能符合条件的文章。根据纳入标准，选择87篇文章对全文进行评价。最后，收录了 19 篇文章，包括 12,298 名现役消防员。在不同研究中评估的变量存在高度异质性。以本次审查发现更多证据（中等支持）的数据来看，工作压力、工作时间、倦怠、表达抑制和反刍可能是创伤后应激障碍的危险因素，归属感和性格正念可能是保护因素。分析了其他支持较弱的变量（例如弹性）。本综述分析了现有文献，强调了其对于该主题的未来研究的稀缺性。由于反复的外伤暴露，