Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent in adolescents and is often linked to emotion dysregulation. However, it remains unknown which specific processes of emotion regulation and under what emotional context these processes are related to the risk for NSSI in samples of community-based adolescents. This study used two laboratory tasks to examine whether adolescents with a history of NSSI displayed difficulties in emotional reactivity and inhibitory control in response to negative and positive emotions. In Study 1, adolescents with/without a history of NSSI (N = 64; M_Age = 13.45 ± 0.50; 53% female) completed a picture perception task in which they were asked to judge the valence and arousal of images. In Study 2, adolescents with/without a history of NSSI (N = 74; M_Age = 13.49 ± 0.80; 50% female) were given a two-choice emotional oddball task that required them to differentially respond to frequent stimuli (images of an object) and infrequent stimuli (affective images). The results showed that adolescents with a history of NSSI showed decreased emotional sensitivity and lower levels of inhibitory control in response to images depicting negative emotional content but not to those depicting positive emotional content. Furthermore, affective inhibitory control problems were significantly positively related to the severity of NSSI, especially in the context of negative emotions. These findings suggest that there is a divergence between positive and negative emotions in both emotional reactivity and affective inhibitory control processes on NSSI. Specifically, relative to adolescents with no history of NSSI, adolescents with a history of NSSI showed lower emotional awareness and behavioral inhibitory control when processing negative emotions, but these distinctions were not found in contexts involving positive emotions. Additionally, the results suggest that affective inhibitory control deficits specific for negative emotions may result in vulnerability to increased NSSI severity.

非自杀性自伤 (NSSI) 在青少年中普遍存在，并且通常与情绪失调有关。然而，目前尚不清楚哪些特定的情绪调节过程以及这些过程在何种情绪背景下与社区青少年样本中的 NSSI 风险相关。本研究使用两项实验室任务来检查有 NSSI 病史的青少年是否在应对消极和积极情绪时表现出情绪反应和抑制控制困难。在研究 1 中，有/没有 NSSI 病史的青少年（N  = 64；M_年龄 = 13.45 ± 0.50；53% 的女性）完成了一项图片感知任务，要求他们判断图像的效价和唤醒度。在研究 2 中，有/无 NSSI 病史的青少年（N  = 74; M_时代 = 13.49 ± 0.80；50% 的女性）接受了一项有两种选择的情绪古怪任务，要求她们对频繁的刺激（物体的图像）和不常见的刺激（情感图像）做出不同的反应。结果表明，有 NSSI 病史的青少年对描绘消极情绪内容的图像的反应表现出情绪敏感性降低和抑制控制水平降低，但对那些描绘积极情绪内容的图像则没有。此外，情感抑制控制问题与 NSSI 的严重程度呈显着正相关，尤其是在负面情绪的情况下。这些研究结果表明，在 NSSI 的情绪反应和情感抑制控制过程中，积极情绪和消极情绪存在差异。具体而言，相对于没有 NSSI 病史的青少年，有 NSSI 病史的青少年在处理负面情绪时表现出较低的情绪意识和行为抑制控制，但在涉及积极情绪的情况下没有发现这些区别。此外，结果表明，特定于负面情绪的情感抑制控制缺陷可能导致 NSSI 严重程度增加的脆弱性。