Biodiesel, an alternative to fossil fuel, is an important sustainable energy source and has thus received considerable attention under global energy crisis scenarios. Safflower seed oil is a good substrate for biodiesel production, however, the poor oxidative stability of safflower seed oil is one of the factors limiting the quality of biodiesel. This study aimed to optimize the safflower seed oil-based biodiesel production process and attempted to regulate the expression of the CtDof2 gene through abscisic acid to affect the safflower seed oil content, thereby improving biodiesel yield. This research optimized the preparation conditions: catalyst concentration 0.56%, molar ratio of oil to alcohol 1:6.4 and temperature 105 ℃ using response surface methodology, and the highest yield of biodiesel was 95.7 ± 0.2%. To test hypothesis that the application of abscisic acid alters safflower seed oil content via CtDof gene regulation, we expressed CtDof2 in yeast, which increased yeast oleic acid content by 27.3% and decreased stearic acid content by 20.6%. The increase in monounsaturated fatty acids predicts the improvement of biodiesel quality. Meanwhile, abscisic acid altered the fatty acid composition of safflower seed oil by regulating CtDof2, leading to an increase in the antioxidant capacity of biodiesel. This study provides new ideas for the improvement of biodiesel feedstock and the improvement of biodiesel quality in the future.

生物柴油是化石燃料的替代品，是一种重要的可持续能源，因此在全球能源危机情景下受到了广泛关注。红花籽油是生产生物柴油的良好底物，但红花籽油氧化稳定性差是限制生物柴油品质的因素之一。本研究旨在优化以红花籽油为基础的生物柴油生产工艺，试图通过脱落酸调节CtDof2基因的表达，影响红花籽油含量，从而提高生物柴油产量。本研究优化了制备条件：催化剂浓度0.56%，油醇摩尔比1:6.4，温度105 ℃响应面法，生物柴油的最高收率为95.7±0.2%。为了验证脱落酸通过CtDof基因调控改变红花籽油含量的假设，我们在酵母中表达CtDof2 ，使酵母油酸含量增加 27.3%，硬脂酸含量减少 20.6%。单不饱和脂肪酸的增加预示着生物柴油质量的改善。同时，脱落酸通过调节CtDof2改变红花籽油的脂肪酸组成，从而提高生物柴油的抗氧化能力。本研究为今后生物柴油原料的改进和生物柴油质量的提高提供了新思路。