For decades, enormous investigation effort has been devoted to the fabrication of new ceramic matrix composites with enhanced mechanical properties. One of the most explored strategies is the addition of carbon allotropic phases such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon nanofibers due to their outstanding properties. In this review, the main fabrication protocols considered for the synthesis of the ceramic composites based on alumina and zirconia are shown, and their mechanical properties and the changes achieved by the addition of carbon allotropes are presented and discussed. Under particular circumstances, significant improvements in properties such as fracture toughness and wear at low temperature, or creep behavior and superplasticity at high temperature have been accomplished. Nevertheless, some critical aspects such as the homogenization of the carbon allotropes within the matrix are still lacking consolidated responses, which suggest that the potentialities of this reinforcing strategy have not yet been completely exploited. In summary, this work collects the fabrication strategies, major results, and main controversies of two decades of scientific research on the improvement of the fabrication methods and mechanical properties of ceramic matrix composites.

几十年来，大量的研究工作一直致力于制造具有增强机械性能的新型陶瓷基复合材料。探索最多的策略之一是添加碳同素异形体相，例如碳纳米管、石墨烯和碳纳米纤维，因为它们具有出色的性能。在这篇综述中，展示了用于合成基于氧化铝和氧化锆的陶瓷复合材料的主要制造方案，并介绍和讨论了它们的机械性能和添加碳同素异形体所带来的变化。在特定情况下，已经实现了诸如低温下的断裂韧性和磨损，或高温下的蠕变行为和超塑性等性能的显着改进。尽管如此，一些关键方面，如基质内碳同素异形体的均质化仍然缺乏综合反应，这表明这种强化策略的潜力尚未完全开发。综上所述，本工作收集了二十年来关于改进陶瓷基复合材料的制备方法和力学性能的科学研究的制备策略、主要成果和主要争议。