Violence against women is a serious public health and human rights concern and can take many forms. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is the subject of the majority of research focused on violence against women around the world; yet the health consequences of non-partner violence (NPV) can be just as serious. There is a critical gap in literature focused on NPV and the co-occurrence of NPV and IPV in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in informal settlements. The unique historical, political, social, geo-spatial, physical, and built environment in informal settlements—often characterized as places with high rates of crime and violence—may be important in understanding NPV and co-occurrence of NPV and IPV in these communities, but more research is needed. The purpose of this study was to explore NPV in a large informal settlement in Nairobi, Kenya including its relationship to IPV, correlates, and common perpetrators of NPV in this setting. Data from 552 household-level surveys collected from women in a large informal settlement in Nairobi in 2018 were used in this study. Descriptive statistics and penalized maximum likelihood logistic regressions were used to examine the association between IPV and NPV, correlates, and perpetrators of NPV. Findings showed a strong, positive association between past-year IPV and NPV—highlighting a critical area for future study in IPV, NPV, and poly-victimization research. Results corroborated some findings from existing NPV research, but yielded important new information about correlates and perpetrators of NPV in informal settlements. NPV and poly-victimization have serious health consequences for women in any context, but women in informal settlements also face a number of structural economic, social, political, and environmental challenges that affect their health and wellbeing and may exacerbate the health consequences of violence perpetrated against them. Thus, more research into NPV and poly-victimization in informal settlements is critical.

中文翻译：

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探索肯尼亚内罗毕非正式住区中的非伴侣暴力

暴力侵害妇女行为是一个严重的公共卫生和人权问题，可以采取多种形式。亲密伴侣暴力 (IPV) 是全球大多数针对暴力侵害妇女行为的研究的主题；然而，非伴侣暴力 (NPV) 的健康后果可能同样严重。在侧重于 NPV 以及 NPV 和 IPV 在撒哈拉以南非洲地区同时出现的文献中，尤其是在非正规住区，存在重大差距。非正式住区中独特的历史、政治、社会、地理空间、物理和建筑环境——通常被描述为犯罪和暴力发生率高的地方——对于理解这些社区中的 NPV 以及 NPV 和 IPV 的共现可能很重要, 但还需要更多的研究。本研究的目的是探索内罗毕一个大型非正式住区的 NPV，肯尼亚，包括其与 IPV 的关系、关联者和 NPV 的共同肇事者。本研究使用了 2018 年从内罗毕一个大型非正式住区的妇女那里收集的 552 项家庭调查的数据。描述性统计和惩罚最大似然逻辑回归被用来检查 IPV 和 NPV、相关因素和 NPV 的肇事者之间的关联。调查结果显示，过去一年的 IPV 和 NPV 之间存在强烈的正相关关系——突出了 IPV、NPV 和多重受害研究的未来研究的关键领域。结果证实了现有 NPV 研究的一些发现，但产生了关于非正规住区 NPV 的关联者和肇事者的重要新信息。NPV 和多重受害在任何情况下都会对女性造成严重的健康后果，但非正规住区的妇女也面临一些结构性的经济、社会、政治和环境挑战，这些挑战会影响她们的健康和福祉，并可能加剧对她们实施的暴力对健康造成的后果。因此，对非正规住区的 NPV 和多重受害进行更多研究至关重要。