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Cognitive Blame Is Socially Shaped
Current Directions in Psychological Science ( IF 7.867 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-06 , DOI: 10.1177/09637214211068845
Bertram F. Malle 1 , Steve Guglielmo 2 , John Voiklis 3 , Andrew E. Monroe 4
Affiliation  

Blame is not only a cognitive process but also a social act of moral criticism. Such acts of criticism often serve to correct a transgressor’s behavior but can be costly—to the moral critic, the transgressor, and the community. To limit these costs, blame is socially regulated: Communities set standards of evidence for blame and expect individuals to provide warrant, or justification, for their expressed judgments by pointing to appropriate evidence. We describe the path model of blame, which captures the cognitive processes that underlie blame judgments and that specify the kind of evidence that counts as warrant for blame. We then show how the varying costs of blaming put social pressure on the moral critic to be accurate and fair. We also identify conditions under which these pressures are weakened and standards of evidence decline: for example, when the transgressor has low status or is an out-group member, when the critic has high status or is anonymous, or when interactions are online. We close with numerous open questions that we hope will inspire further research into the hypothesis that cognitive blame is socially shaped.



中文翻译:

认知责备是社会塑造的

责备不仅是一种认知过程,也是一种道德批判的社会行为。这种批评行为通常有助于纠正违法者的行为,但可能代价高昂——对道德批评者、违法者和社区而言。为了限制这些成本,责任受到社会监管:社区为责任设定证据标准,并期望个人通过指向适当的证据来为其表达的判断提供依据或理由。我们描述了责备的路径模型,它捕捉了作为责备判断基础的认知过程,并指定了可以作为责备理由的证据类型。然后,我们展示了指责的不同成本如何对道德批评家施加准确和公平的社会压力。我们还确定了这些压力减弱和证据标准下降的条件:例如,当违规者地位低或是外群体成员时,批评者地位高或匿名时,或互动在线时。我们以许多未解决的问题结束,我们希望这些问题能激发对认知责备是社会塑造的假设的进一步研究。

更新日期:2022-04-06
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