Aeration can alleviate soil hypoxia stress of Phyllostachys praecox bamboo under mulching conditions, but how aeration affects soil properties, soil fungal community structure, and bamboo development is unclear. We studied the responses of soil properties, fungal community structure, bamboo shoots, and rhizome growth to organic mulching (TM), mulching with aeration (TA1 and TA2), and no-mulching treatments (CK) from a field experiment in March and July, 2019. During the mulching period (March), the aeration improvement treatment (TA2) improved soil O₂ content, bamboo shoots yield, and soil nutrient availability significantly when compared with TM. TA2 treatment showed significantly higher relative abundances of the genus Trichoderma and functional group endophyte than TM treatment, which might be conducive to soil nutrient transformation and bamboo growth. The TA2 treatment had higher fungal diversity indices than that of the TA1 treatment, suggesting that optimal aeration conditions enhance soil fungal diversity. The fungal community structure also showed strong temporal dynamics in all treatments. Mantel test results indicated soil O₂ is the primary factor driving fungal community structure under mulching conditions, while has no impact on the fungal community in summer; fungal community structure was primarily controlled by soil pH in summer. Structural equation model revealed soil NO₃⁻-N content was responsible directly for bamboo rhizome growth and shoot yield. Our results indicate short-term mulching is beneficial to soil nutrients improvement and bamboo yield increase, while rational aeration can further facilitate sustainable plantation development under hypoxic soil conditions.

中文翻译：

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覆膜条件下曝气能否提高竹下土壤的竹土肥力和真菌多样性？

曝气可以缓解覆膜条件下毛竹的土壤缺氧胁迫，但曝气对土壤性质、土壤真菌群落结构和竹子发育的影响尚不清楚。我们在 3 月和 7 月的田间试验中研究了土壤特性、真菌群落结构、竹笋和根茎生长对有机覆盖 (TM)、通气覆盖 (TA1 和 TA2) 和免覆盖处理 (CK) 的响应, 2019. 在覆盖期（3月），与TM相比，通气改良处理（TA2）显着提高了土壤O ₂含量、竹笋产量和土壤养分有效性。TA2 处理显示木霉属的相对丰度显着增加和功能组内生菌比 TM 处理可能有利于土壤养分转化和竹子生长。TA2 处理比 TA1 处理具有更高的真菌多样性指数，表明最佳通气条件增强了土壤真菌多样性。真菌群落结构在所有处理中也表现出强烈的时间动态。Mantel试验结果表明土壤O ₂是覆盖条件下驱动真菌群落结构的主要因素，而对夏季真菌群落没有影响；夏季真菌群落结构主要受土壤pH值控制。结构方程模型显示土壤 NO ₃ ^--N 含量直接影响竹根茎的生长和枝条产量。我们的研究结果表明，短期覆盖有利于土壤养分的改善和竹子产量的增加，而合理的通气可以进一步促进低氧土壤条件下的可持续种植园发展。