Declarative concepts are abstract concepts denoted by key terms and short definitions that can be applied in a variety of scenarios (e.g., positive reinforcement in psychology; Rawson et al., 2015). One common learning goal for declarative concepts is to instill knowledge that students can use to support the application of content in novel scenarios. Given theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence from related literatures, one promising approach for supporting declarative concept application is learning examples. The purpose of the current research was to evaluate the utility of using examples as primary targets of learning for declarative concept application. In two experiments, participants read a textbook passage that included the definition and an example of 10 declarative concepts. Participants then learned the target material by recalling either the definition or the example of each concept. Across both experiments, declarative concept application was greater following practice focused on learning examples versus definitions. Results suggest that using this strategy may be an effective technique for supporting the application of definitions, which are foundational to many introductory courses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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增强陈述性概念应用：示例作为学习主要目标的效用。

陈述性概念是由关键术语和简短定义表示的抽象概念，可应用于各种场景（例如，心理学中的积极强化；Rawson 等人，2015 年）。陈述性概念的一个共同学习目标是灌输学生可以用来支持内容在新场景中的应用的知识。鉴于相关文献的理论观点和经验证据，支持陈述性概念应用的一种有前途的方法是学习示例。当前研究的目的是评估使用示例作为陈述性概念应用学习的主要目标的效用。在两个实验中，参与者阅读教科书段落，其中包括 10 个陈述性概念的定义和示例。然后，参与者通过回忆每个概念的定义或示例来学习目标材料。在这两个实验中，在专注于学习示例与定义的练习之后，陈述性概念应用效果更好。结果表明，使用此策略可能是支持定义应用的有效技术，定义是许多入门课程的基础。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2023 APA，保留所有权利）。