Facing an alarming continuing decline of wild sea cucumber resources, management strategies were developed over the past three decades to sustainably promote development, maintenance, or regeneration of wild sea cucumber fisheries. In New Caledonia (South Pacific), dedicated management efforts via restocking and sea ranching programs were implemented to cope with the overharvesting of the sandfish Holothuria scabra and the recent loss of known populations. In order to investigate genetic implications of a major H. scabra restocking program, we assessed the genetic diversity and structure of wild stocks and hatchery-produced sandfish and compared the genetic outcomes of consecutive spawning and juvenile production events. For this, 1,358 sandfish collected at four sites along the northwestern coasts of New Caledonia, as well as during five different restocking events in the Tiabet Bay, were genotyped using nine polymorphic microsatellite markers. We found that wild H. scabra populations from the northwestern coast of New Caledonia likely belonged to one panmictic population with high level of gene flow observed along the study scale. Further, this panmictic population displayed an effective size of breeders large enough to ensure the feasibility of appropriate breeding programs for restocking. In contrast, hatchery-produced samples did suffer from an important reduction in the effective population size: the effective population sizes were so small that genetic drift was detectable over one generation, with the presence of inbred individuals, as well as more related dyads than in wild populations. All these results suggest that dedicated efforts in hatcheries are further needed to maintain genetic diversity of hatchery-produced individuals in order to unbalance any negative impact during this artificial selection.

面对野生海参资源惊人的持续减少，过去三十年制定了管理策略，以可持续地促进野生海参渔业的发展、维持或再生。在新喀里多尼亚（南太平洋），通过重新放养和海洋牧场计划实施了专门的管理工作，以应对沙鱼Holothuria scabra的过度捕捞和最近已知种群的损失。为了研究主要的H. scabra的遗传意义在放养计划中，我们评估了野生种群和孵化场生产的沙鱼的遗传多样性和结构，并比较了连续产卵和幼鱼生产事件的遗传结果。为此，使用九个多态微卫星标记对在新喀里多尼亚西北海岸的四个地点以及在 Tiabet 湾的五次不同放养活动期间收集的 1,358 条沙鱼进行了基因分型。我们发现了野生的H. scabra来自新喀里多尼亚西北海岸的人群可能属于一个泛滥人群，在研究规模上观察到高水平的基因流动。此外，这种泛滥的种群显示出足够大的育种者的有效规模，以确保适当的育种计划进行重新放养的可行性。相比之下，孵化场生产的样本确实遭受了有效种群规模的显着减少：有效种群规模非常小，以至于在一代人中可以检测到遗传漂变，存在近交个体以及比野生种群。所有这些结果表明，为了平衡人工选择过程中的任何负面影响，还需要在孵化场进一步努力保持孵化场生产个体的遗传多样性。