Sex dimorphism is a fascinating science problem, which includes phenotypic, transcriptomic and epigenetic differences in male and female. To explore the landscape of transcriptome and its regulation in different sex in the large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea), we investigated the open chromatin using ATAC-seq generated from livers, spleens and gonads in males and females. First, we found a male-specific open chromatin region upstream of the dax1 gene, which contained Nr2e1 binding footprint. Second, the motif of Nfy was significantly enriched in the open chromatins of male spleen, liver and testis using Homer. Third, the motifs of RA signal transduction and Nr2f6 were in the female-specific transcription factor footprints, which were only in ovary of the large yellow croaker, but not in the liver and spleen of female. Finally, we found a subset of super enhancers that drove the identity genes of specific cells within the testes and ovaries. In this study, the sex difference of fish was discussed from the perspective of open chromatin regions to fill the gap in this field.

中文翻译：

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通过ATAC-seq研究大黄鱼肝脏、脾脏和性腺性别差异开放染色质

性别二态性是一个引人入胜的科学问题，包括男性和女性的表型、转录组和表观遗传差异。为了探索大黄鱼 ( Larimichthys crocea ) 中转录组的景观及其在不同性别中的调控，我们使用从雄性和雌性的肝脏、脾脏和性腺产生的 ATAC-seq 研究了开放染色质。首先，我们在dax1上游发现了一个男性特异性开放染色质区域基因，其中包含 Nr2e1 结合足迹。其次，使用 Homer 在男性脾脏、肝脏和睾丸的开放染色质中显着富集了 Nfy 的基序。第三，RA信号转导和Nr2f6的基序在雌性特异性转录因子足迹中，仅在大黄鱼的卵巢中，而在雌性的肝脏和脾脏中不存在。最后，我们发现了一个超级增强子子集，可以驱动睾丸和卵巢内特定细胞的身份基因。本研究从开放染色质区域的角度探讨鱼类的性别差异，填补了该领域的空白。