Cytokines consist of peptides, proteins and glycoproteins, which are biological signaling molecules, and boost cell-cell communication in immune reactions to stimulate cellular movements in the place of trauma, inflammation and infection. Recombinant cytokines are designed in such a way that they have generalized immunostimulation action or stimulate specific immune cells when the body encounters immunosuppressive signals from exogenous pathogens or other tumor microenvironments. Recombinant cytokines have improved the treatment processes for numerous diseases. They are also beneficial against novel toxicities that arise due to pharmacologic immunostimulators that lead to an imbalance in the regulation of cytokine. So, the production and use of recombinant human cytokines as therapeutic proteins are significant for medical treatment purposes. For the improved production of recombinant human cytokines, the development of host cells such as bacteria, yeast, fungi, insect, mammal and transgenic plants, and the specific expression systems for individual hosts is necessary. The recent advancements in the field of genetic engineering are beneficial for easy and efficient genetic manipulations for hosts as well as expression cassettes. The use of metabolic engineering and systems biology approaches have tremendous applications in recombinant protein production by generating mathematical models, and analyzing complex biological networks and metabolic pathways via simulations to understand the interconnections between metabolites and genetic behaviors. Further, the bioprocess developments and the optimization of cell culture conditions would enhance recombinant cytokines productivity on large scales.

细胞因子由肽、蛋白质和糖蛋白组成，它们是生物信号分子，在免疫反应中促进细胞间的通讯，以刺激细胞运动，以代替创伤、炎症和感染。重组细胞因子的设计方式使其在机体遇到来自外源性病原体或其他肿瘤微环境的免疫抑制信号时具有普遍的免疫刺激作用或刺激特定的免疫细胞。重组细胞因子改善了许多疾病的治疗过程。它们还有益于对抗由药理学免疫刺激剂引起的新毒性，这些毒性会导致细胞因子调节的失衡。因此，重组人细胞因子作为治疗蛋白的生产和使用对于医疗目的具有重要意义。为了改进重组人细胞因子的生产，需要开发宿主细胞，如细菌、酵母、真菌、昆虫、哺乳动物和转基因植物，以及针对个体宿主的特异性表达系统。基因工程领域的最新进展有利于宿主和表达盒的简单有效的基因操作。代谢工程和系统生物学方法的使用通过生成数学模型，并通过模拟分析复杂的生物网络和代谢途径以了解代谢物和遗传行为之间的相互联系，在重组蛋白生产中具有巨大的应用。更远，