Gender similarity is an indicator of perceived fit with own-gender peers and other-gender peers and is strongly correlated with indicators of adolescent adjustment, including negative peer interactions. Although gender similarity is generally studied as a composite variable, evidence is increasing that peer victimization might be uniquely related to specific domains of gender similarity such as appearance or interests. A better understanding of the specific factors that motivate peer victimization will likely aid in intervention efforts. We analyzed five domains of own- and other-gender similarity (feelings, actions, appearance, preferences, time spent with peers) for adolescents, and explored whether they uniquely predicted negative peer interactions including general peer victimization (e.g., pushing/hitting) and experiencing or perpetrating gender-based peer victimization (e.g., anti-gay name-calling) over time. With 407 adolescents (14–17 years old, M_age = 15.42, 50% girls, 52% White) from two timepoints that were six months apart, we first conducted MANOVAs at T1 to assess gender differences in peer victimization experiences. Next, we conducted logistic regression path analyses to model the relation between gender similarity and peer victimization over time. Adolescents reported unique outcomes for different domains of gender similarity with girls focused on appearance and boys focused on not spending time with girls. We discuss how girls’ and boys’ experiences of gender similarity may be differentially informed by androcentric culture and how different expressions of gender uniquely provoke negative peer attention.

性别相似性是与自己性别同龄人和其他性别同龄人的感知契合度的指标，并且与青少年适应指标（包括消极的同龄人互动）密切相关。尽管性别相似性通常作为一个复合变量进行研究，但越来越多的证据表明，同伴受害可能与性别相似性的特定领域（如外表或兴趣）唯一相关。更好地了解激发同伴受害的具体因素可能有助于干预工作。我们分析了青少年自身和其他性别相似性的五个领域（感觉、行为、外表、偏好、与同伴相处的时间），并探讨了它们是否唯一地预测了负面同伴互动，包括一般同伴受害（例如，推/打）并随着时间的推移经历或实施基于性别的同伴受害（例如，反同性恋辱骂）。有 407 名青少年（14-17 岁，M_年龄 = 15.42，50% 的女孩，52% 的白人）从相隔六个月的两个时间点开始，我们首先在 T1 进行了 MANOVA，以评估同伴受害经历中的性别差异。接下来，我们进行了逻辑回归路径分析，以模拟性别相似性和同伴受害之间的关系。青少年报告了不同性别相似领域的独特结果，女孩关注外表，男孩关注不与女孩共度时光。我们讨论了男孩和女孩的性别相似经历如何受到男性中心文化的不同影响，以及不同的性别表达如何独特地引起负面的同伴关注。