Diabetes is a life-threatening metabolic disease marked by hyperglycaemia, endocrine system abnormalities, and aberrant lipid metabolic profiles. The study targeted to identify the phytochemical constituents of Schinus polygamus leaf extract (SPLE) and evaluate its ameliorative effects on the oxidative stress and metabolic abnormalities caused by high-fat diet (HFD) with low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) in male rats. The high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) analysis of SPLE revealed identification of fourteen compounds of phenolic nature, such as gallic acid, catechin, methyl gallate, pentagalloyl-O-hexoside and catechin-O-hexoside. The type-2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) model was established by HFD and STZ (i.p; 30 mg/kg). The T2DM animals orally administrated two doses of SPLE (200 & 400 mg/kg b.w/day) or metformin (400 mg/kg/day, orally) for one month. The extract dose-dependently enhanced the body weight gain, BMI, hepatorenal toxicity markers, hyperglycaemia, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin level, lipid peroxidation and dyslipidaemia of diabetic rats. It also improved insulin sensitivity and antioxidant defense system. Moreover, it modulated the levels of proinflammatory adipokines (adiponectin & leptin). Further, it downregulated inducible pro-inflammatory genes (NF-ĸB & iNOS mRNA expression). The present study elicited antihyperlipidemic, antihyperglycemic, anti-insulin resistance, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant properties of S. polygamus. Thereby, it could be a new adjuvant candidate in the T2DM management.

糖尿病是一种以高血糖、内分泌系统异常和脂质代谢异常为特征的危及生命的代谢疾病。该研究旨在鉴定一夫多妻叶提取物 (SPLE) 的植物化学成分，并评估其对低剂量链脲佐菌素 (STZ) 的高脂饮食 (HFD) 引起的雄性大鼠氧化应激和代谢异常的改善作用。SPLE的高效液相色谱-质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS) 分析揭示了 14 种酚类化合物的鉴定，例如没食子酸、儿茶素、没食子酸甲酯、五没食子酰-O-己糖苷和儿茶素-O-己糖苷。通过HFD和STZ（ ip ；30 mg/kg）建立2型糖尿病（T2DM）模型。T2DM 动物口服给予两剂 SPLE（200 和 400 毫克/公斤体重/天）或二甲双胍（400 毫克/公斤/天，口服）一个月。提取物剂量依赖性地增强糖尿病大鼠的体重增加、BMI、肝肾毒性标志物、高血糖、胰岛素抵抗稳态模型评估 (HOMA-IR)、胰岛素水平、脂质过氧化和血脂异常。它还改善了胰岛素敏感性和抗氧化防御系统。此外，它还能调节促炎性脂肪因子（脂联素和瘦素）的水平。此外，它下调诱导型促炎基因 (NF-ĸB &iNOS mRNA 表达）。本研究引出了多性金枪鱼的抗高血脂、抗高血糖、抗胰岛素抵抗、抗炎、抗氧化特性。因此，它可能成为 T2DM 管理中的新辅助候选药物。