Functional analyses and treatments of self-injurious behavior and aggression have shown that such behavior is often operant. In this paper, we will revisit evidence that a subset of self-injurious and aggressive biting may be controlled primarily by antecedent events and may have phylogenetic origins. We propose that there is a research gap of more than four decades, if one considers the wealth of basic research on biting that occurred prior to 1977. To our knowledge, that body of basic research was never fully translated or directly applied within behavior analysis. It is known that organisms (including humans) sometimes bite in the presence of aversive events (broadly defined as the presentation of aversive stimuli or the removal of reinforcers). Thus, the variables controlling biting in the context of behavioral assessment and treatment require further analysis.

中文翻译：

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关于自残和攻击性咬人的新（旧）观点

对自残行为和攻击性的功能分析和治疗表明，这种行为通常是可操作的。在本文中，我们将重新审视证据，表明一部分自伤和攻击性咬伤可能主要受先前事件的控制，并且可能具有系统发育起源。我们认为，如果考虑到 1977 年之前发生的大量关于咬伤的基础研究，我们认为存在超过 40 年的研究差距。据我们所知，该基础研究的主体从未完全转化或直接应用于行为分析。众所周知，生物体（包括人类）有时会在出现厌恶事件（广义上定义为厌恶刺激的呈现或增强物的去除）时咬人。因此，