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Remdesivir and three other drugs for hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results of the WHO Solidarity randomised trial and updated meta-analyses
The Lancet ( IF 168.9 ) Pub Date : 2022-05-02 , DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)00519-0


Background

The Solidarity trial among COVID-19 inpatients has previously reported interim mortality analyses for four repurposed antiviral drugs. Lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine, and interferon (IFN)-β1a were discontinued for futility but randomisation to remdesivir continued. Here, we report the final results of Solidarity and meta-analyses of mortality in all relevant trials to date.

Methods

Solidarity enrolled consenting adults (aged ≥18 years) recently hospitalised with, in the view of their doctor, definite COVID-19 and no contraindication to any of the study drugs, regardless of any other patient characteristics. Participants were randomly allocated, in equal proportions between the locally available options, to receive whichever of the four study drugs (lopinavir, hydroxychloroquine, IFN-β1a, or remdesivir) were locally available at that time or no study drug (controls). All patients also received the local standard of care. No placebos were given. The protocol-specified primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality, subdivided by disease severity. Secondary endpoints were progression to ventilation if not already ventilated, and time-to-discharge from hospital. Final log-rank and Kaplan-Meier analyses are presented for remdesivir, and are appended for all four study drugs. Meta-analyses give weighted averages of the mortality findings in this and all other randomised trials of these drugs among hospital inpatients. Solidarity is registered with ISRCTN, ISRCTN83971151, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04315948.

Findings

Between March 22, 2020, and Jan 29, 2021, 14 304 potentially eligible patients were recruited from 454 hospitals in 35 countries in all six WHO regions. After the exclusion of 83 (0·6%) patients with a refuted COVID-19 diagnosis or encrypted consent not entered into the database, Solidarity enrolled 14 221 patients, including 8275 randomly allocated (1:1) either to remdesivir (ten daily infusions, unless discharged earlier) or to its control (allocated no study drug although remdesivir was locally available). Compliance was high in both groups. Overall, 602 (14·5%) of 4146 patients assigned to remdesivir died versus 643 (15·6%) of 4129 assigned to control (mortality rate ratio [RR] 0·91 [95% CI 0·82–1·02], p=0·12). Of those already ventilated, 151 (42·1%) of 359 assigned to remdesivir died versus 134 (38·6%) of 347 assigned to control (RR 1·13 [0·89–1·42], p=0·32). Of those not ventilated but on oxygen, 14·6% assigned to remdesivir died versus 16·3% assigned to control (RR 0·87 [0·76–0·99], p=0·03). Of 1730 not on oxygen initially, 2·9% assigned to remdesivir died versus 3·8% assigned to control (RR 0·76 [0·46–1·28], p=0·30). Combining all those not ventilated initially, 11·9% assigned to remdesivir died versus 13·5% assigned to control (RR 0·86 [0·76–0·98], p=0·02) and 14·1% versus 15·7% progressed to ventilation (RR 0·88 [0·77–1·00], p=0·04). The non-prespecified composite outcome of death or progression to ventilation occurred in 19·6% assigned to remdesivir versus 22·5% assigned to control (RR 0·84 [0·75–0·93], p=0·001). Allocation to daily remdesivir infusions (vs open-label control) delayed discharge by about 1 day during the 10-day treatment period. A meta-analysis of mortality in all randomised trials of remdesivir versus no remdesivir yielded similar findings.

Interpretation

Remdesivir has no significant effect on patients with COVID-19 who are already being ventilated. Among other hospitalised patients, it has a small effect against death or progression to ventilation (or both).

Funding

WHO.



中文翻译:

用于 COVID-19 住院患者的瑞德西韦和其他三种药物:世卫组织团结随机试验的最终结果和更新的荟萃分析

背景

COVID-19 住院患者中的团结试验先前报告了对四种重新利用的抗病毒药物的中期死亡率分析。洛匹那韦、羟氯喹和干扰素 (IFN)-β1a 因无效而停用,但继续随机分配至瑞德西韦。在这里,我们报告了迄今为止所有相关试验中团结和死亡率荟萃分析的最终结果。

方法

Solidarity 招募了最近住院的同意成人(年龄≥18 岁),在他们的医生看来,无论患者的任何其他特征如何,他们都患有明确的 COVID-19,并且没有任何研究药物的禁忌症。参与者被随机分配,在当地可用的选项之间按相等的比例,接受当时当地可用的四种研究药物(洛匹那韦、羟氯喹、IFN-β1a 或瑞德西韦)中的任何一种或没有研究药物(对照)。所有患者还接受了当地标准的护理。没有给予安慰剂。方案规定的主要终点是住院死亡率,按疾病严重程度细分。次要终点是如果尚未进行通气,则进展为通气,以及出院时间。提供了瑞德西韦的最终对数秩和 Kaplan-Meier 分析,并为所有四种研究药物附加。荟萃分析给出了这些药物在住院患者中的这项和所有其他随机试验的死亡率结果的加权平均值。Solidarity 在 ISRCTN、ISRCTN83971151 和 ClinicalTrials.gov、NCT04315948 注册。

发现

在 2020 年 3 月 22 日至 2021 年 1 月 29 日期间,从世卫组织所有六个区域的 35 个国家的 454 家医院招募了 14 304 名可能符合条件的患者。在排除了 83 名 (0·6%) 被驳斥的 COVID-19 诊断或未进入数据库的加密同意患者后,Solidarity 招募了 14221 名患者,其中 8275 名随机分配 (1:1) 接受瑞德西韦治疗(每天输注 10 次) ,除非更早出院)或控制(尽管当地有瑞德西韦,但未分配研究药物)。两组的依从性都很高。总体而言,分配给瑞德西韦的 4146 名患者中有 602 名 (14·5%) 死亡,而分配给对照组的 4129 名患者中有 643 名 (15·6%) 死亡(死亡率比 [RR] 0·91 [95% CI 0·82–1·02 ],p=0·12)。那些已经通风的,分配给瑞德西韦的 359 人中有 151 人(42·1%)死亡,而分配给对照组的 347 人中有 134 人(38·6%)死亡(RR 1·13 [0·89–1·42],p=0·32)。在没有通气但吸氧的患者中,14·6% 的瑞德西韦组死亡,16·3% 的对照组死亡(RR 0·87 [0·76–0·99],p=0·03)。在最初未吸氧的 1730 人中,2·9% 的瑞德西韦组死亡,3·8% 的对照组死亡(RR 0·76 [0·46–1·28],p=0·30)。结合所有最初未通气的患者,11·9% 分配给瑞德西韦,13·5% 分配给对照组(RR 0·86 [0·76–0·98],p=0·02)和 14·1% 对15·7% 进展为通气(RR 0·88 [0·77–1·00],p=0·04)。19·6% 的患者出现死亡或进展为通气的非预设复合结局,瑞德西韦组为 22·5%,对照组为 22·5%(RR 0·84 [0·75–0·93],p=0·001) . 分配给每日瑞德西韦输注(在没有通气但吸氧的患者中,14·6% 的瑞德西韦组死亡,16·3% 的对照组死亡(RR 0·87 [0·76–0·99],p=0·03)。在最初未吸氧的 1730 人中,2·9% 的瑞德西韦组死亡,3·8% 的对照组死亡(RR 0·76 [0·46–1·28],p=0·30)。结合所有最初未通气的患者,11·9% 分配给瑞德西韦,13·5% 分配给对照组(RR 0·86 [0·76–0·98],p=0·02)和 14·1% 对15·7% 进展为通气(RR 0·88 [0·77–1·00],p=0·04)。19·6% 的患者出现死亡或进展为通气的非预设复合结局,瑞德西韦组为 22·5%,对照组为 22·5%(RR 0·84 [0·75–0·93],p=0·001) . 分配给每日瑞德西韦输注(在没有通气但吸氧的患者中,14·6% 的瑞德西韦组死亡,16·3% 的对照组死亡(RR 0·87 [0·76–0·99],p=0·03)。在最初未吸氧的 1730 人中,2·9% 的瑞德西韦组死亡,3·8% 的对照组死亡(RR 0·76 [0·46–1·28],p=0·30)。结合所有最初未通气的患者,11·9% 分配给瑞德西韦,13·5% 分配给对照组(RR 0·86 [0·76–0·98],p=0·02)和 14·1% 对15·7% 进展为通气(RR 0·88 [0·77–1·00],p=0·04)。19·6% 的患者出现死亡或进展为通气的非预设复合结局,瑞德西韦组为 22·5%,对照组为 22·5%(RR 0·84 [0·75–0·93],p=0·001) . 分配给每日瑞德西韦输注(在最初未吸氧的 1730 人中,2·9% 的瑞德西韦组死亡,3·8% 的对照组死亡(RR 0·76 [0·46–1·28],p=0·30)。结合所有最初未通气的患者,11·9% 分配给瑞德西韦,13·5% 分配给对照组(RR 0·86 [0·76–0·98],p=0·02)和 14·1% 对15·7% 进展为通气(RR 0·88 [0·77–1·00],p=0·04)。19·6% 的患者出现死亡或进展为通气的非预设复合结局,瑞德西韦组为 22·5%,对照组为 22·5%(RR 0·84 [0·75–0·93],p=0·001) . 分配给每日瑞德西韦输注(在最初未吸氧的 1730 人中,2·9% 的瑞德西韦组死亡,3·8% 的对照组死亡(RR 0·76 [0·46–1·28],p=0·30)。结合所有最初未通气的患者,11·9% 分配给瑞德西韦,13·5% 分配给对照组(RR 0·86 [0·76–0·98],p=0·02)和 14·1% 对15·7% 进展为通气(RR 0·88 [0·77–1·00],p=0·04)。19·6% 的患者出现死亡或进展为通气的非预设复合结局,瑞德西韦组为 22·5%,对照组为 22·5%(RR 0·84 [0·75–0·93],p=0·001) . 分配给每日瑞德西韦输注(p=0·02) 和 14·1% 与 15·7% 进展为通气 (RR 0·88 [0·77–1·00], p=0·04)。19·6% 的患者出现死亡或进展为通气的非预设复合结局,瑞德西韦组为 22·5%,对照组为 22·5%(RR 0·84 [0·75–0·93],p=0·001) . 分配给每日瑞德西韦输注(p=0·02) 和 14·1% 与 15·7% 进展为通气 (RR 0·88 [0·77–1·00], p=0·04)。19·6% 的患者出现死亡或进展为通气的非预设复合结局,瑞德西韦组为 22·5%,对照组为 22·5%(RR 0·84 [0·75–0·93],p=0·001) . 分配给每日瑞德西韦输注(开放标签对照相比)在 10 天的治疗期间延迟出院约 1 天。在所有瑞德西韦与不服用瑞德西韦的随机试验中,对死亡率的荟萃分析得出了类似的结果。

解释

瑞德西韦对已经接受通气的 COVID-19 患者没有显着影响。在其他住院患者中,它对死亡或进展为通气(或两者)的影响很小。

资金

WHO。

更新日期:2022-05-02
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