Moral repair is an important way for firms to heal moral relationships with stakeholders following a transgression. The concept is rooted in recognition theory, which is often used to develop normative perspectives and prescriptions, but the same theory has also propelled a view of moral repair as premised on negotiation between offender and victim(s), which involves the complex social construction of the transgression and the appropriate amends. The tension between normative principles and socioconstructivist implementation begs the question how offending firms should approach moral repair. Addressing this question, we develop a two-level conceptualization of moral repair, distinguishing between procedural and substantive levels of practice, which accommodate normativity and socioconstructivism, respectively. In so doing, we enrich the literature by 1) promoting conceptual clarity, 2) refining understanding of the moral repair process, and 3) suggesting the use of a unified, configurational approach to studying (nonlinear) relations between amends and moral outcomes.

道德修复是企业在违规行为后修复与利益相关者道德关系的重要途径。这一概念植根于承认理论，该理论经常被用来发展规范性观点和规定，但同一理论也提出了一种以犯罪者和受害者之间谈判为前提的道德修复观点，其中涉及复杂的社会建构违规行为和适当的修正。规范原则与社会建构主义实施之间的紧张关系引出了违规企业应如何进行道德修复的问题。为了解决这个问题，我们提出了道德修复的两个层面的概念，区分实践的程序层面和实质性层面，分别适应规范性和社会建构主义。在此过程中，我们通过以下方式丰富了文献：1）促进概念清晰，2）完善对道德修复过程的理解，3）建议使用统一的配置方法来研究修正与道德结果之间的（非线性）关系。