Findings from data originating in individualist Western cultures, such as the US, generally confirm a significant relation between parental rejection and substance use. However, little is known about individuals raised in patriarchal, collectivist, and predominantly religious non-Western societies. To build on prior research, we drew from Interpersonal Acceptance-Rejection Theory (IPARTheory) to examine relations among parental (maternal and paternal) rejection, psychological maladjustment, and substance use disorder (SUD) in a sample of 960 young adult men in Pakistan. We used MANCOVAs and discriminant function analysis to compare 480 young men diagnosed with SUD with 480 young men without SUD on their memories of parental acceptance and rejection in childhood and on their current level of self-reported psychological maladjustment via the Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ) and Personality Assessment Questionnaire (PAQ). Results showed that remembered paternal (but not maternal) rejection, and rejection-related psychological maladjustment were significantly associated with SUD, F(3, 953) = 1140.39, p < 0.001, λ = 0.218, η² = 0.782. These two predictors distinguished men with SUD from men with lifelong abstinence with 97.3% accuracy. These results highlight the importance in Pakistan of memories of paternal (versus maternal) rejection, along with the specific form of psychological maladjustment known to be transculturally associated with parental rejection in the etiology of substance abuse.

源自个人主义西方文化（如美国）的数据发现，通常证实父母拒绝与物质使用之间存在显着关系。然而，对于在父权制、集体主义和以宗教为主的非西方社会中长大的个人知之甚少。在先前研究的基础上，我们借鉴了人际接受拒绝理论 (IPARTheory) 来检验巴基斯坦 960 名年轻成年男性样本中父母（母亲和父亲）拒绝、心理失调和物质使用障碍 (SUD) 之间的关系。我们使用 MANCOVA 和判别函数分析比较了 480 名被诊断为 SUD 的年轻男性和 480 名没有 SUD 的年轻男性对童年父母接受和拒绝的记忆，以及他们目前通过父母接受-拒绝问卷自我报告的心理失调水平（ PARQ) 和人格评估问卷 (PAQ)。结果表明，记住父亲（但不是母亲）拒绝和拒绝相关的心理失调与 SUD 显着相关，F (3, 953) = 1140.39, p  < 0.001, λ = 0.218, η ²  = 0.782。这两个预测因素以 97.3% 的准确率将 SUD 男性与终身禁欲男性区分开来。这些结果突出了巴基斯坦对父亲（相对于母亲）拒绝记忆的重要性，以及已知与药物滥用病因学中的父母拒绝有关的跨文化心理失调的特定形式。