Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers in women and the major cause of worldwide cancer-related deaths among women. Various treatment strategies including conventional chemotherapy, immunotherapy, gene therapy, gene silencing and deliberately engineered nanomaterials for receptor mediated targeted delivery of anticancer drugs, antibodies, and small-molecule inhibitors, etc are being investigated by scientists to combat breast cancer. Smartly designed/fabricated nanomaterials are being explored to target breast cancer through enhanced permeation and retention effect; and also, being conjugated with suitable ligand for receptor-mediated endocytosis to target breast cancer for diagnostic, and theranostic applications. These receptor-targeted nanomedicines have shown efficacy to target specific tumor tissue/cells abstaining the healthy tissues/cells from cytotoxic effect of anticancer drug molecules. In the last few decades, theranostic nanomedicines have gained much attention among other nanoparticle systems due to their unique ability to deliver chemotherapeutic as well as diagnostic agents, simultaneously. Theranostic nanomaterials are emerging as novel paradigm with ability for concurrent delivery of imaging (with contrasting agents), targeting (with biomarkers), and anticancer therapeutics with one delivery system (as cancer theranostics) and can transpire as promising strategy to overcome various hurdles for effective management of breast cancer including its most aggressive form, triple-negative breast cancer.

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用于乳腺癌成像和治疗诊断应用的受体靶向表面工程纳米材料

乳腺癌是女性最常被诊断出的癌症之一，也是全球女性癌症相关死亡的主要原因。科学家们正在研究各种治疗策略，包括常规化学疗法、免疫疗法、基因疗法、基因沉默和特意设计的纳米材料，用于受体介导的靶向递送抗癌药物、抗体和小分子抑制剂等，以对抗乳腺癌。正在探索巧妙设计/制造的纳米材料，通过增强渗透和滞留效应来靶向乳腺癌；而且，与受体介导的内吞作用的合适配体缀合以靶向乳腺癌，用于诊断和治疗诊断应用。这些以受体为靶点的纳米药物已显示出靶向特定肿瘤组织/细胞的功效，而健康组织/细胞不受抗癌药物分子的细胞毒性作用。在过去的几十年中，治疗诊断纳米药物在其他纳米粒子系统中受到了广泛关注，因为它们具有同时提供化学治疗剂和诊断剂的独特能力。治疗诊断纳米材料正在成为一种新的范式，具有同时传递成像（使用造影剂）、靶向（使用生物标志物）和使用一个传递系统（如癌症治疗诊断学）的抗癌疗法的能力，并且可以成为克服各种障碍的有希望的策略，以实现有效的治疗。乳腺癌的管理，包括其最具侵袭性的形式，三阴性乳腺癌。