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Development of Proactive Control and Anxiety Among Behaviorally Inhibited Adolescents
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry ( IF 13.3 ) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2022.04.012
Emilio A Valadez 1 , Santiago Morales 2 , George A Buzzell 3 , Sonya V Troller-Renfree 4 , Heather A Henderson 5 , Andrea Chronis-Tuscano 1 , Daniel S Pine 6 , Nathan A Fox 1
Affiliation  

Objective

Behavioral inhibition (BI) is an infant temperament characterized by heightened reactivity and negative affect in response to novel people and situations. BI is among the earliest and strongest predictors of future anxiety problems. However, not all children with a history of BI will manifest anxiety problems. A growing body of evidence suggests that proactive control skills may help buffer youth with BI from future anxiety difficulties; yet, it remains unclear how temperament may interact with the development of cognitive control to influence anxiety risk. The present study tested whether enhancements in proactive control occurring during adolescence may reduce risk for anxiety among youth with a history of BI.

Method

Participants included 185 adolescents (56% female) whose temperament was assessed during toddlerhood. In adolescence, participants completed anxiety assessments and an AX Continuous Performance Test (AX-CPT) to assess cognitive control strategy. Both assessments were administered at age 13 years and again at 15 years.

Results

Latent change score modeling revealed that, on average, participants increasingly used proactive control strategies and experienced worsening anxiety from age 13-15 years. Early BI was associated with a smaller anxiety increase from 13-15 years, but only among participants whose proactive control skills improved at mean or greater rates.

Conclusion

The present findings suggest that greater proactive control development during adolescence protects youth with high BI from age-related increases in anxiety. Results support a framework that highlights cognitive control as a key moderator of anxiety risk among children with a history of high BI.



中文翻译:

行为抑制青少年主动控制和焦虑的发展

客观的

行为抑制 (BI) 是一种婴儿气质,其特征是对新人和新情况的反应性增强和负面影响。BI 是未来焦虑问题最早和最强的预测指标之一。然而,并非所有有 BI 病史的儿童都会表现出焦虑问题。越来越多的证据表明,主动控制技能可能有助于缓解患有 BI 的青少年未来的焦虑困难;然而,目前尚不清楚气质如何与认知控制的发展相互作用以影响焦虑风险。本研究测试了在青春期发生的主动控制的增强是否可以降低有 BI 病史的青少年的焦虑风险。

方法

参与者包括 185 名青少年(56% 为女性),他们的气质在蹒跚学步期间接受过评估。在青春期,参与者完成了焦虑评估和 AX 连续性能测试 (AX-CPT) 以评估认知控制策略。两项评估均在 13 岁和 15 岁时进行。

结果

潜在变化评分模型显示,平均而言,参与者越来越多地使用主动控制策略,并且从 13-15 岁开始焦虑加剧。早期 BI 与 13-15 岁时较小的焦虑增加有关,但仅限于主动控制技能以平均或更高速度提高的参与者。

结论

目前的研究结果表明,青春期更主动的控制发展可以保护具有高 BI 的青少年免受与年龄相关的焦虑增加。结果支持一个框架,该框架强调认知控制是具有高 BI 病史的儿童焦虑风险的关键调节剂。

更新日期:2022-04-28
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