Neurofeedback training is a common treatment option for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Given theta/beta-based neurofeedback (T/B NF) training targets at the electrophysiological characteristics of children with ADHD, benefits for attention may be expected. PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched through December 31, 2020. Studies were evaluated with Risk of Bias tools. Within-group effects based on Pre- and Post-treatment comparisons of the Intervention Group, and Between-group effects based on the between-group differences from Pre-treatment to Post-treatment were calculated. Nineteen studies met selection criteria for systematic review, 12 of them were included in meta-analysis. Within-group effects were medium at Post-treatment and large at Follow-up. Between-group analyses revealed that T/B NF was superior to waitlist control and physical activities, but not stimulant medication. Results showed that T/B NF has benefits for attention in children with ADHD, however, cautions should be taken when interpreting the findings.

神经反馈训练是注意力缺陷多动障碍 (ADHD) 的常见治疗选择。鉴于基于 theta/beta 的神经反馈 (T/B NF) 训练目标是针对 ADHD 儿童的电生理特征，可能会带来关注的好处。PsycINFO、PubMed、ScienceDirect、Scopus 和 Web of Science 的检索时间截至 2020 年 12 月 31 日。研究使用偏倚风险工具进行评估。计算基于干预组治疗前和治疗后比较的组内效应，以及基于治疗前和治疗后组间差异的组间效应。19 项研究符合系统评价的选择标准，其中 12 项被纳入荟萃分析。治疗后组内效应中等，随访时组内效应大。组间分析显示，T/B NF 优于等候名单控制和身体活动，但不优于兴奋剂药物。结果表明，T/B NF 对多动症儿童的注意力有好处，但是，在解释研究结果时应谨慎。