Wheat is one of the main food for around 2 billion people worldwide. Among the biological stressors, Eurygaster integriceps Puton is a damaging insect in wheat and barley fields, which harms them both quantitatively (by overwintered adults) and qualitatively (by instar nymphs). The ovipositional and the new generation’s production control are pivotal approaches to control the severe damages of Sunn-pest. In this study, to enhance the deltamethrin effectiveness while reducing its required dosage and also reducing the adverse health and environmental impacts, a novel MSN-based deltamethrin formulation was prepared and evaluated based on the laying-eggs number and oviposition behavior. To this, deltamethrin was loaded on KIT-6 mesoporous silica nanoparticles and characterized using SEM, TEM, and TGA analysis, and the insect potential of deltametrin@KIT6 was then evaluated. The results showed that there might be differences between the treatments (KIT-6, deltamethrin@KIT-6, deltamethrin commercial formulation, and water as a control) in terms of the insect control via the laying-egg and next-generation prevention. The results showed that KIT-6 and deltamethrin@KIT-6 could reduce the oviposition rate compared to water as the control. Deltamethrin@KIT-6 not only caused the less oviposition done but the eggs were scattered and the batch of eggs did not have a uniform-shape similar to the control mode. The deltamethrin@KIT-6 nanopesticide could increase the pesticide effectiveness by reducing the Sunn-pest’s oviposition and nymphal population and subsequently decreasing the damage caused by them. So that the concentrations of 10, 25, and 125 mg L−1 of deltamethrin@KIT-6 reduced oviposition by 63.24%, 66.11%, and 67.62%, respectively, compared to the control group. On the other hand, descriptive observations showed that another possible tension is created through insect eggs deposition on the boundary layer of leaves. The MSN-based nanoformulation could be effectively considered to control the next-generation population density of Sunn-pest.

中文翻译：

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Sunn-害虫产卵与作为纳米农药负载在介孔二氧化硅纳米颗粒上的溴氰菊酯相互作用的行为学

小麦是全球约 20 亿人的主要食物之一。在生物压力源中，Eurygaster integriceps Puton 是小麦和大麦田中的一种破坏性昆虫，它在数量上（通过越冬成虫）和定性（通过龄若虫）对它们造成伤害。产卵和新一代生产控制是控制蚧壳虫严重危害的关键措施。在这项研究中，为了提高溴氰菊酯的有效性，同时减少其所需剂量并减少对健康和环境的不利影响，制备了一种基于 MSN 的新型溴氰菊酯制剂，并根据产卵数和产卵行为进行了评估。为此，将溴氰菊酯加载到 KIT-6 介孔二氧化硅纳米粒子上，并使用 SEM、TEM 和 TGA 分析进行表征，然后评估了 deltametrin@KIT6 的昆虫潜力。结果表明，处理（KIT-6、deltamethrin@KIT-6、溴氰菊酯商业制剂和水作为对照）在通过产卵和下一代预防的昆虫控制方面可能存在差异。结果表明，与作为对照的水相比，KIT-6 和溴氰菊酯@KIT-6 可以降低产卵率。Deltamethrin@KIT-6 不仅导致产卵量减少，而且鸡蛋散落，批次的鸡蛋没有与对照模式相似的均匀形状。deltamethrin@KIT-6 纳米农药可以通过减少 Sunn 害虫的产卵和若虫数量并随后减少它们造成的损害来提高农药效力。所以浓度为 10, 25, 与对照组相比，溴氰菊酯@KIT-6 和 125 mg L-1 的产卵量分别减少了 63.24%、66.11% 和 67.62%。另一方面，描述性观察表明，另一种可能的张力是通过昆虫卵沉积在叶子的边界层上产生的。可以有效地考虑基于 MSN 的纳米制剂来控制 Sunn 害虫的下一代种群密度。